tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26504430925484096142023-11-16T11:09:50.040-08:00Geothermal Ballisticyulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.comBlogger67125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-60595398183723331422011-07-29T10:43:00.000-07:002011-07-29T10:53:37.977-07:00dream world<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMM_tNbFsdSfh53zD58dUYBE_SFkiI194eGGRG51APMn27Nru1ioYONLpy6Wib_OeSMVMr4BGNy1o-jvizCBMt-mXnn7gxQq0WwDDNV1ZhcFL4UyS1DwWAhSynGdhGOWcU-xa6IWW3LjK5/s1600/dream+world.jpeg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 116px; height: 116px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMM_tNbFsdSfh53zD58dUYBE_SFkiI194eGGRG51APMn27Nru1ioYONLpy6Wib_OeSMVMr4BGNy1o-jvizCBMt-mXnn7gxQq0WwDDNV1ZhcFL4UyS1DwWAhSynGdhGOWcU-xa6IWW3LjK5/s320/dream+world.jpeg" alt="dream world" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5634833768122881378" border="0" /></a><br />Do not dream of seeing the Earth as the Garden of Eden back twenty years, because today we have felt the scorching heat and stifling air every day due to events of Global Warming (Global Warming) and Climate Change (Climate Change).<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfUjYHqEt0r8hBfdXFbqfCfeqb02dB0umsjo2E4YM28U49Yg-QrDA0m6xxK-WrAiAx-chi0NtoMYiVFS4cjrjQlopZmC8Jr6nUnrX1cOZoX-gQg_yw54VdK25wZozfaG6jyHyf1-RBBPfh/s1600/dream+world1.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 154px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfUjYHqEt0r8hBfdXFbqfCfeqb02dB0umsjo2E4YM28U49Yg-QrDA0m6xxK-WrAiAx-chi0NtoMYiVFS4cjrjQlopZmC8Jr6nUnrX1cOZoX-gQg_yw54VdK25wZozfaG6jyHyf1-RBBPfh/s320/dream+world1.jpg" alt="dream world1" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5634833766630892882" border="0" /></a>Large earthquake (7.3 on the Richter scale) had just occurred in Tasikmalaya, while other natural disasters such as landslides, volcanoes, tsunamis, droughts, storms and floods alternated in Indonesia and other countries around the world, all of the disaster has a direct correlation due to Global Warming and Climate Change. Start Action, immediately acted to free our planet from the dangers of disasters that occur due to Global Warming.yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-49678206194082265142011-07-25T11:08:00.000-07:002011-07-29T11:30:25.018-07:00China dust cloud circled globe in 13 days<h1>China dust cloud circled globe in 13 days</h1> <div style="clear: both;"> <div class="controls"> <div id="related"> <div class="header">RELATED ARTICLES</div> <ul><li><a href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/5219">Study Shows Africa Dust May Hamper Hurricanes</a></li><li><a href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/36607">African dust forecast could be new hurricane tool</a></li><li><a href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/27285">Asian desert dust found over western United States</a></li><li><a href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/2127">Hazy Cloud of Saharan Dust Nearing U.S.</a></li></ul> </div> <img style="float: left;" src="http://www.enn.com/image_for_articles/40241-1.jpg/medium" /> </div> <br /><p>Dust clouds generated by a huge dust storm in China's Taklimakan desert in 2007 made more than one full circle around the globe in just 13 days, a Japanese study using a NASA satellite has found.</p><p>When the cloud reached the <a id="KonaLink0" target="undefined" class="kLink" style="text-decoration: underline ! important; position: static;" href="http://www.enn.com/climate/article/40241#"><span style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" ><span class="kLink" style="border-bottom: 1px solid green; color: green ! important; font-weight: 400; position: static; padding-bottom: 1px;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:transparent;" >Pacific </span><span class="kLink" style="border-bottom: 1px solid green; color: green ! important; font-weight: 400; position: static; padding-bottom: 1px;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:transparent;" >Ocean</span></span><span style="position: relative;" id="preLoadWrap0"><div style="position: absolute; z-index: 4000; top: -32px; left: -18px; display: none;" id="preLoadLayer0"><img style="border: 0px none;" src="http://kona.kontera.com/javascript/lib/imgs/grey_loader.gif" /></div></span></a> the second time, it descended and deposited some of its dust into the sea, showing how a natural phenomenon can impact the <a id="KonaLink1" target="undefined" class="kLink" style="text-decoration: underline ! important; position: static;" href="http://www.enn.com/climate/article/40241#"><span style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" ><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" >environment</span></span></a> far away.</p><p>"Asian dust is usually deposited near the Yellow Sea, around the Japan area, while Sahara dust ends up around the Atlantic Ocean and coast of Africa," said Itsushi Uno of Kyushu University's Research Institute for Applied Mechanics.</p><p><a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSTRE56J3YH20090720?feedType=RSS&feedName=environmentNews">Article continues</a></p> </div>yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-59093850300641164562011-07-22T16:53:00.000-07:002011-07-29T11:40:26.976-07:00Ernie Alaskan AdventureThis summer, my grandson, Kai Rogers, and I drove to Alaska--Salt Lake City to Anchorage, 3,000 miles. Of course, we went in the thrifty, fuel-sipping Beetle TDI diesel.<br /><br /><br /><br />Total fuel for the trip to Alaska, 3,000 miles, was 52 gallons. Not bad --- about 57 miles per gallon. On the return trip we did a little better, getting 58 miles per gallon.<br /><br /><br /><br />I had hoped to do better. Here in the western states, my summer mileage is consistently about 60 miles per gallon. We surmise that the reason is the difference in climate. It would be necessary to use a little different diesel fuel blend in northern Canada and Alaska to insure that the fuel doesn't solidify if the weather were to suddenly turn cold. Cold-weather fuel contains a little less energy than what we use down around Utah in the summer time.<br /><br /><br /><br />You can follow the link to my car's web page to see some pictures and hear more about the trip.<br /><br /><br /><br />Ernieyulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-9366831389586070652011-07-22T05:13:00.000-07:002011-07-29T11:11:55.607-07:00Why WW II Ended in a Mushroom Cloud<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNViXaK-LPBb4toOP1lvPu_lkjvxk_LjSGwpV-7jKyeKITYrfXfLt_TYi4TFQor2lkCBB2JagWmIsgh-fbz2X_mKlWRvkXUc0tAkUQcbFvm3BFMXQ2Y4erTxZo-4em3SyiNo0mE23ml6Z1/s1600/hiroshima_bomb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNViXaK-LPBb4toOP1lvPu_lkjvxk_LjSGwpV-7jKyeKITYrfXfLt_TYi4TFQor2lkCBB2JagWmIsgh-fbz2X_mKlWRvkXUc0tAkUQcbFvm3BFMXQ2Y4erTxZo-4em3SyiNo0mE23ml6Z1/s320/hiroshima_bomb.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><br /><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The story presented for the closing days of the Second World War was always a little too pat. This plausibly puts a different perspective on the situation and the concerns determining policy in the last days of the war.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">It certainly served US interests to demonstrate the actual power of the atomic bomb. I can not believe that anyone had a proper appreciation of the actual future role of the bomb itself but they certainly needed to convince the soviets not to exploit their strategic advantage. Recall that communist doctrine called for a global communist polity that certainly included all of </span><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Europe</span></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">. The swift repositioning of surrendering German armies alongside western forces and Patten’s comments at the time shows us just how dicey it all was.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The atomic bomb made further Soviet gains impossible and put Stalin emotionally on the defensive. As this article makes clear, </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Japan</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">’s last hope evaporated with the Soviet declaration of war. Their swift surrender was inevitable long before any American forces hit the beach and the US did have the option of landing in Korea instead and linking up with the Soviets while Japan starved and their Army was destroyed in China.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The A bomb was a game changer and the </span><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Soviet Union</span></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> failed to win the Atomic peace. This was not an obvious conclusion to make in 1945 when prior to the Second War the soviet economy had outstripped everyone else’s.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color:#000000;"><b>Why World War II ended with Mushroom Clouds</b><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;">65 years ago, August 6 and 9, 1945: <st1:city st="on">Hiroshima</st1:city> and <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Nagasaki</st1:place></st1:city><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;">By Jacques R. Pauwels<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;">URL of this article: <a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?et=1103601632968&s=22810&e=001dq4ktprdAe1jnPtQ28ecgupg4lu5DCJoZrby9H2efsAANBAaksBkOxw3eV4E7R1mCO7XAdmTZgBCes6TPbPK1ge92dqJrwBv02wTyvjuj0Tjjj6bPEeZFLVIqH2uq1_1kI7AyDxfvm9kng9qQLUDYpKvhqnyCLSy_I7HErJMdmQ=" target="_blank">www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=20478</a><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;">“<span style="">On Monday, August 6, 1945, at 8:15 AM, the nuclear bomb ‘Little Boy” was dropped on <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Hiroshima</st1:place></st1:city> by an American B-29 bomber, the Enola Gay, directly killing an estimated 80,000 people. By the end of the year, injury and radiation brought total casualties to 90,000-140,000.</span>”[1]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color:#000000;">“On August 9, 1945, Nagasaki was the target of the world's second atomic bomb attack at 11:02 a.m., when the north of the city was destroyed and an estimated 40,000 people were killed by the bomb nicknamed ‘Fat Man.’ The death toll from the atomic bombing totalled 73,884, as well as another 74,909 injured, and another several hundred thousand diseased and dying due to fallout and other illness caused by radiation.”[</span></i><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;">2]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;">In the European Theatre, World War II ended in early May 1945 with the capitulation of Nazi <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Germany</st1:country-region></st1:place>. The “Big Three” on the side of the victors – <st1:country-region st="on">Great Britain</st1:country-region>, the <st1:country-region st="on">United States</st1:country-region>, and the Soviet Union – now faced the complex problem of the postwar reorganization of <st1:place st="on">Europe</st1:place>. The <st1:country-region st="on">United States</st1:country-region> had entered the war rather late, in December 1941, and had only started to make a truly significant military contribution to the Allied victory over <st1:country-region st="on">Germany</st1:country-region> with the landings in <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">Normandy</st1:place></st1:state> in June 1944, less than one year before the end of the hostilities. When the war against <st1:country-region st="on">Germany</st1:country-region> ended, however, <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">Washington</st1:place></st1:state> sat firmly and confidently at the table of the victors, determined to achieve what might be called its “war aims.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;">As the country that had made the biggest contribution and suffered by far the greatest losses in the conflict against the common Nazi enemy, the Soviet Union wanted major reparation payments from Germany and security against potential future aggression, in the form of the installation in Germany, Poland and other Eastern European countries of governments that would not be hostile to the Soviets, as had been the case before the war. Moscow also expected compensation for territorial losses suffered by the Soviet Union at the time of the Revolution and the Civil War, and finally, the Soviets expected that, with the terrible ordeal of the war behind them, they would be able to resume work on the project of constructing a socialist society. The American and British leaders knew these Soviet aims and had explicitly or implicitly recognized their legitimacy, for example at the conferences of the Big Three in <st1:city st="on">Tehran</st1:city> and <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Yalta</st1:place></st1:city>. That did not mean that Washington and London were enthusiastic about the fact that the Soviet Union was to reap these rewards for its war efforts; and there undoubtedly lurked a potential conflict with Washington’s own major objective, namely, the creation of an “open door” for US exports and investments in Western Europe, in defeated Germany, and also in Central and Eastern Europe, liberated by the Soviet Union. In any event, American political and industrial leaders - including Harry Truman, who succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt as President in the spring of 1945 - had little understanding, and even less sympathy, for even the most basic expectations of the Soviets. These leaders abhorred the thought that the Soviet Union might receive considerable reparations from <st1:country-region st="on">Germany</st1:country-region>, because such a bloodletting would eliminate <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Germany</st1:place></st1:country-region> as a potentially extremely profitable market for US exports and investments. Instead, reparations would enable the Soviets to resume work, possibly successfully, on the project of a communist society, a “counter system” to the international capitalist system of which the USA had become the great champion. America’s political and economic elite was undoubtedly also keenly aware that German reparations to the Soviets implied that the German branch plants of US corporations such as Ford and GM, which had produced all sorts of weapons for the Nazis during the war (and made a lot of money in the process[3]) would have to produce for the benefit of the Soviets instead of continuing to enrich US owners and shareholders. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;">Negotiations among the Big Three would obviously never result in the withdrawal of the Red Army from <st1:country-region st="on">Germany</st1:country-region> and <st1:place st="on">Eastern Europe</st1:place> before the Soviet objectives of reparations and security would be at least partly achieved. However, on April 25, 1945, Truman learned that the <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">US</st1:place></st1:country-region> would soon dispose of a powerful new weapon, the atom bomb. Possession of this weapon opened up all sorts of previously unthinkable but extremely favorable perspectives, and it is hardly surprising that the new president and his advisors fell under the spell of what the renowned American historian William Appleman Williams has called a “vision of omnipotence.”[4] It certainly no longer appeared necessary to engage in difficult negotiations with the Soviets: thanks to the atom bomb, it would be possible to force Stalin, in spite of earlier agreements, to withdraw the Red Army from Germany and to deny him a say in the postwar affairs of that country, to install “pro-western” and even anti-Soviet regimes in Poland and elsewhere in Eastern Europe, and perhaps even to open up the Soviet Union itself to American investment capital as well as American political and economic influence, thus returning this communist heretic to the bosom of the universal capitalist church.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;">At the time of the German surrender in May 1945, the bomb was almost, but not quite, ready. Truman therefore stalled as long as possible before finally agreeing to attend a conference of the Big Three in Potsdam in the summer of 1945, where the fate of postwar Europe would be decided. The president had been informed that the bomb would likely be ready by then - ready, that is, to be used as “a hammer,” as he himself stated on one occasion, that he would wave “over the heads of those boys in the Kremlin.”[5] At the <st1:city st="on">Potsdam</st1:city> Conference, which lasted from July 17 toAugust 2, 1945, Truman did indeed receive the long-awaited message that the atom bomb had been tested successfully on July 16 in <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">New Mexico</st1:state></st1:place>. As of then, he no longer bothered to present proposals to Stalin, but instead made all sorts of demands; at the same time he rejected out of hand all proposals made by the Soviets, for example concerning German reparation payments, including reasonable proposals based on earlier inter-Allied agreements. Stalin failed to display the hoped-for willingness to capitulate, however, not even when Truman attempted to intimidate him by whispering ominously into his ear that <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">America</st1:place></st1:country-region> had acquired an incredible new weapon. The Soviet sphinx, who had certainly already been informed about the American atom bomb, listened in stony silence. Somewhat puzzled, Truman concluded that only an actual demonstration of the atomic bomb would persuade the Soviets to give way. Consequently, no general agreement could be achieved at <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Potsdam</st1:place></st1:city>. In fact, little or nothing of substance was decided there. “The main result of the conference,” writes historian Gar Alperovitz, “was a series of decisions to disagree until the next meeting.”[6]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;">In the meantime the Japanese battled on in the <st1:place st="on">Far East</st1:place>, even though their situation was totally hopeless. They were in fact prepared to surrender, but they insisted on a condition, namely, that Emperor Hirohito would be guaranteed immunity. This contravened the American demand for an unconditional capitulation. In spite of this it should have been possible to end the war on the basis of the Japanese proposal. In fact, the German surrender at <st1:place st="on">Reims</st1:place> three months earlier had not been entirely unconditional.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><u><span style="color:#000000;"><span style=""> </span>(The Americans had agreed to a German condition, namely, that the armistice would only go into effect after a delay of 45 hours, a delay that would allow as many German army units as possible to slip away from the eastern front in order to surrender to the Americans or the British; many of these units would actually be kept ready - in uniform, armed, and under the command of their own officers – for possible use against the Red Army, as Churchill was to admit after the war.)[7] <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;">In any event,<st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Tokyo</st1:city></st1:place>’s sole condition was far from essential. Indeed, later - after an unconditional surrender had been wrested from the Japanese - the Americans would never bother Hirohito, and it was thanks to <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">Washington</st1:state></st1:place> that he was to be able to remain emperor for many more decades.[8]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;">The Japanese believed that they could still afford the luxury of attaching a condition to their offer to surrender because the main force of their land army remained intact, in <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region>, where it had spent most of the war. Tokyo thought that it could use this army to defend Japan itself and thus make the Americans pay a high price for their admittedly inevitable final victory, but this scheme would only work if the Soviet Union stayed out of the war in the Far East; a Soviet entry into the war, on the other hand, would inevitably pin down the Japanese forces on the Chinese mainland. Soviet neutrality, in other words, permitted <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Tokyo</st1:place></st1:city> a small measure of hope; not hope for a victory, of course, but hope for American acceptance of their condition concerning the emperor. To a certain extent the war with <st1:country-region st="on">Japan</st1:country-region> dragged on, then, because the <st1:place st="on">Soviet Union</st1:place> was not yet involved in it. Already at the Conference of the Big Three in <st1:city st="on">Tehran</st1:city> in 1943, Stalin had promised to declare war on <st1:country-region st="on">Japan</st1:country-region> within three months after the capitulation of <st1:country-region st="on">Germany</st1:country-region>, and he had reiterated this commitment as recently as July 17, 1945, in <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Potsdam</st1:city></st1:place>.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;"><span style=""> </span>Consequently, <st1:state st="on">Washington</st1:state> counted on a Soviet attack on <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Japan</st1:place></st1:country-region> by the middle of August and thus knew only too well that the situation of the Japanese was hopeless. (“Fini Japs when that comes about,” Truman confided to his diary, referring to the expected Soviet entry into the war in the <st1:place st="on">Far East</st1:place>.)[9] In addition, the American navy assured <st1:state st="on">Washington</st1:state> that it was able to prevent the Japanese from transferring their army from <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region> in order to defend the homeland against an American invasion. Since the <st1:country-region st="on">US</st1:country-region> navy was undoubtedly able to force <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Japan</st1:place></st1:country-region> to its knees by means of a blockade, an invasion was not even necessary. Deprived of imported necessities such as food and fuel, <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Japan</st1:place></st1:country-region> could be expected to beg to capitulate unconditionally sooner or later. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;">In order to finish the war against <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Japan</st1:place></st1:country-region>, Truman thus had a number of very attractive options. He could accept the trivial Japanese condition with regard to immunity for their emperor; he could also wait until the Red Army attacked the Japanese in China, thus forcing Tokyo into accepting an unconditional surrender after all; or he could starve Japan to death by means of a naval blockade that would have forced Tokyo to sue for peace sooner or later. Truman and his advisors, however, chose none of these options; instead, they decided to knock <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Japan</st1:place></st1:country-region> out with the atomic bomb. This fateful decision, which was to cost the lives of hundreds of thousands of people, mostly women and children, offered the Americans considerable advantages. First, the bomb might force Tokyo to surrender before the Soviets got involved in the war in Asia, thus making it unnecessary to allow Moscow a say in the coming decisions about postwar Japan, about the territories which had been occupied by Japan (such as Korea and Manchuria), and about the Far East and the Pacific region in general. The <st1:country-region st="on">USA</st1:country-region> would then enjoy a total hegemony over that part of the world, something which may be said to have been the true (though unspoken) war aim of <st1:state st="on">Washington</st1:state> in the conflict with <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Japan</st1:place></st1:country-region>. It was in light of this consideration that the strategy of simply blockading <st1:country-region st="on">Japan</st1:country-region> into surrender was rejected, since the surrender might not have been forthcoming until after – and possibly well after - the <st1:place st="on">Soviet Union</st1:place>’s entry into the war. (After the war, the U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey stated that “certainly prior to 31 December 1945, Japan would have surrendered, even if the atomic bombs had not been dropped.”)[10]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;">As far as the American leaders were concerned, a Soviet intervention in the war in the Far East threatened to achieve for the Soviets the same advantage which the Yankees’ relatively late intervention in the war in Europe had produced for the United States, namely, a place at the round table of the victors who would force their will on the defeated enemy, carve occupation zones out of his territory, change borders, determine postwar social-economic and political structures, and thereby derive for themselves enormous benefits and prestige. <st1:state st="on">Washington</st1:state> absolutely did not want the <st1:place st="on">Soviet Union</st1:place> to enjoy this kind of input. The Americans were on the brink of victory over <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Japan</st1:place></st1:country-region>, their great rival in that part of the world. They did not relish the idea of being saddled with a new potential rival, one whose detested communist ideology might become dangerously influential in many Asian countries. By dropping the atomic bomb, the Americans hoped to finish Japan off instantly and go to work in the Far Eastas cavalier seul, that is, without their victory party being spoiled by unwanted Soviet gate-crashers. Use of the atom bomb offered <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">Washington</st1:place></st1:state> a second important advantage. Truman’s experience in <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Potsdam</st1:place></st1:city> had persuaded him that only an actual demonstration of this new weapon would make Stalin sufficiently pliable. Nuking a “Jap” city, preferably a “virgin” city, where the damage would be especially impressive, thus loomed useful as a means to intimidate the Soviets and induce them to make concessions with respect to <st1:country-region st="on">Germany</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region st="on">Poland</st1:country-region>, and the rest of Central andEastern <st1:place st="on">Europe</st1:place>.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;">The atomic bomb was ready just before the Soviets became involved in the <st1:place st="on">Far East</st1:place>. Even so, the nuclear pulverization of <st1:city st="on">Hiroshima</st1:city> on August 6, 1945, came too late to prevent the Soviets from entering the war against <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Japan</st1:place></st1:country-region>. Tokyo did not throw in the towel immediately, as the Americans had hoped, and on August 8, 1945 - exactly three months after the German capitulation in <st1:state st="on">Berlin</st1:state> - the Soviets declared war on <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Japan</st1:place></st1:country-region>. The next day, on August 9, the Red Army attacked the Japanese troops stationed in northern <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region>. Washington itself had long asked for Soviet intervention, but when that intervention finally came, Truman and his advisors were far from ecstatic about the fact that Stalin had kept his word. IfJapan’s rulers did not respond immediately to the bombing of Hiroshima with an unconditional capitulation, it may have been because they could not ascertain immediately that only one plane and one bomb had done so much damage. (Many conventional bombing raids had produced equally catastrophic results; an attack by thousands of bombers on the Japanese capital on March 9-10, 1945, for example, had actually caused more casualties than the bombing of Hiroshima.) In any event, it took some time before an unconditional capitulation was forthcoming, and on account of this delay the <st1:country-region st="on">USSR</st1:country-region> did get involved in the war against <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Japan</st1:place></st1:country-region> after all. This made <st1:state st="on">Washington</st1:state> extremely impatient: the day after the Soviet declaration of war, on August 9, 1945, a second bomb was dropped, this time on the city of <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Nagasaki</st1:place></st1:city>. A former American army chaplain later stated: “I am of the opinion that this was one of the reasons why a second bomb was dropped: because there was a rush. They wanted to get the Japanese to capitulate before the Russians showed up.”[11] (The chaplain may or may not have been aware that among the 75,000 human beings who were “instantaneously incinerated, carbonized and evaporated” in Nagasaki were many Japanese Catholics as well an unknown number of inmates of a camp for allied POWs, whose presence had been reported to the air command, to no avail.)[12] It took another five days, that is, until August 14, before the Japanese could bring themselves to capitulate. In the meantime the Red Army was able to make considerable progress, to the great chagrin of Truman and his advisors.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;">And so the Americans were stuck with a Soviet partner in the <st1:place st="on">Far East</st1:place> after all. Or were they? Truman made sure that they were not, ignoring the precedents set earlier with respect to cooperation among the Big Three in <st1:place st="on">Europe</st1:place>. Already on August 15, 1945, <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">Washington</st1:place></st1:state> rejected Stalin’s request for a Soviet occupation zone in the defeated land of the rising sun. And when on September 2, 1945, General MacArthur officially accepted the Japanese surrender on the American battleship Missouri in the Bay of Tokyo, representatives of the Soviet Union - and of other allies in the Far East, such as Great Britain, France, Australia, and the Netherlands - were allowed to be present only as insignificant extras, as spectators. Unlike <st1:country-region st="on">Germany</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Japan</st1:place></st1:country-region> was not carved up into occupation zones. <st1:country-region st="on">America</st1:country-region>’s defeated rival was to be occupied by the Americans only, and as American “viceroy” in <st1:city st="on">Tokyo</st1:city>, General MacArthur would ensure that, regardless of contributions made to the common victory, no other power had a say in the affairs of postwar <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Japan</st1:place></st1:country-region>.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;">Sixty-five years ago, Truman did not have to use the atomic bomb in order to force <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Japan</st1:place></st1:country-region> to its knees, but he had reasons to want to use the bomb. The atom bomb enabled the Americans to force Tokyo to surrender unconditionally, to keep the Soviets out of the Far East and - last but not least - to force Washington’s will on the Kremlin in Europe also. Hiroshima and Nagasaki were obliterated for these reasons, and many American historians realize this only too well; Sean Dennis Cashman, for example, writes:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;">With the passing of time, many historians have concluded that the bomb was used as much for political reasons...Vannevar Bush [the head of the American center for scientific research] stated that the bomb “was also delivered on time, so that there was no necessity for any concessions toRussia at the end of the war”. Secretary of State James F. Byrnes [Truman’s Secretary of State] never denied a statement attributed to him that the bomb had been used to demonstrate American power to the <st1:place st="on">Soviet Union</st1:place> in order to make it more manageable in Europe.[13]<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;">Truman himself, however, hypocritically declared at the time that the purpose of the two nuclear bombardments had been “to bring the boys home,” that is, to quickly finish the war without any further major loss of life on the American side. This explanation was uncritically broadcast in the American media and it developed into a myth eagerly propagated by the majority of historians and media in the <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">USA</st1:place></st1:country-region> and throughout the “Western” world. That myth, which, incidentally, also serves to justify potential future nuclear strikes on targets such as <st1:country-region st="on">Iran</st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">North Korea</st1:place></st1:country-region>, is still very much alive - just check your mainstream newspaper on August 6 and 9!<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="color:#000000;">Jacques R. Pauwels</span></i></b><i><span style="color:#000000;">, author of </span></i><b><i><span style="color:#000000;">The Myth of the Good War: America in the Second World War</span></i></b><i><span style="color:#000000;">, James Lorimer, Toronto, 2002</span></i><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" >Notes</span></i></b><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" > <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" >[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima</span></i><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" lang="EN-CA">.</span></i><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" ><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" >[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagasaki.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" >[3] </span></i><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" lang="EN-CA">Jacques R. Pauwels, </span></i><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" >The Myth of the Good War: <st1:country-region st="on">America</st1:country-region> in the Second World War, <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Toronto</st1:city></st1:place>, 2002, pp. 201-05.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" >[4] William Appleman Williams, The Tragedy of American Diplomacy, revised edition, <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">New York</st1:state></st1:place>, 1962, </span></i><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" lang="EN-CA">p. 250.</span></i><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" ><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" >[5] Quoted in Michael Parenti, The Anti-Communist Impulse, <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:state>, 1969, p. 126.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" >[6] Gar Alperovitz Atomic Diplomacy: <st1:city st="on">Hiroshima</st1:city> and <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Potsdam</st1:place></st1:city>. The Use of the Atomic Bomb and the American Confrontation with Soviet Power, new edition, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, 1985 (original edition 1965), p. 223.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" >[7] </span></i><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" lang="EN-CA">Pauwels, op. cit., p. 143.</span></i><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" ><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" >[8] Alperovitz, op. cit., pp. 28, 156.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" >[9] </span></i><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" lang="EN-CA">Quoted in Alperovitz, op. cit., p. 24.</span></i><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" ><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" >[10] Cited in David Horowitz, From <st1:city st="on">Yalta</st1:city> to <st1:country-region st="on">Vietnam</st1:country-region>: American Foreign Policy in the Cold War, Harmondsworth, <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Middlesex</st1:city>, <st1:country-region st="on">England</st1:country-region></st1:place>, 1967, p. 53.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" >[11] Studs Terkel, "The Good War": An Oral History of World War Two, <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:state>, 1984, p. 535.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=";font-size:10pt;color:#000000;" >[12] Gary G. Kohls, “Whitewashing Hiroshima: The Uncritical Glorification of American Militarism,” <a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?et=1103601632968&s=22810&e=001dq4ktprdAe3FSD-yziYIWtH20mhk57SJAiq0tWYgmgnPyc2apaXxuxJAGWUC5nwPUkBS9SxHe6-oZOELZ1vk97ahS4cj084wb8w0QbWs_2sq-lw74H5zwBGBTIEUnGwcsZTR8mizWAsxrK0lyA9vFQ==" target="_blank"></a><a href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/orig5/kohls1.html." target="_blank">http://www.lewrockwell.com/orig5/kohls1.html</a><a href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/orig5/kohls1.html." target="_blank"></a>.<br />[13] Sean Dennis Cashman, , Roosevelt, and World War II, <st1:state st="on">New York</st1:state> and <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">London</st1:city></st1:place>, 1989, p. 369.</span></i><i style=""><span style="font-size:10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-62871758629497438962011-07-20T05:29:00.000-07:002011-07-29T11:08:47.932-07:00Ozone Improves Biofuel Production Efficiency<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8XjcIzgYtn5SVlzwCeTEOSzi8k12kD5N8KxQ3ZiRVoG63Ls6fdCSt6mM5NL8Sd1Nb4sjdGzHLL29Go-pexkWm1cP307TKrk9HdnIf6KvFM0PJtSP8n3Zj5r6_aWA37JPRZ_ymMIU1dSDG/s1600/30949-Clipart-Illustration-Of-A-Yellow-Gas-Nozzle-Emerging-From-A-Yellow-Corn-Biofuel-Pump.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8XjcIzgYtn5SVlzwCeTEOSzi8k12kD5N8KxQ3ZiRVoG63Ls6fdCSt6mM5NL8Sd1Nb4sjdGzHLL29Go-pexkWm1cP307TKrk9HdnIf6KvFM0PJtSP8n3Zj5r6_aWA37JPRZ_ymMIU1dSDG/s320/30949-Clipart-Illustration-Of-A-Yellow-Gas-Nozzle-Emerging-From-A-Yellow-Corn-Biofuel-Pump.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">It is of some interest that direct application of ozone degrades the lignin allowing the carbohydrates to be attacked and converted to sugars. It will not be easy, but it opens another avenue.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Ozone is a bit tricky to produce and expensive and may well limit this method to the laboratory.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">However, a process protocol that starts and ends dry is a rather good beginning and leaves a lot of options open for further treatment and no immediate waste stream.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">A friend of mine has been testing ozone on ores to some effect, so this is not too surprising.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><i style=""><span style="">New Technique Improves Efficiency Of Biofuel Production<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">by Staff Writers<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Raleigh</st1:city> <st1:state st="on">NC</st1:state></st1:place> (SPX) Jul 06, 2010<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><a href="http://www.biofueldaily.com/reports/New_Technique_Improves_Efficiency_Of_Biofuel_Production_999.html">http://www.biofueldaily.com/reports/New_Technique_Improves_Efficiency_Of_Biofuel_Production_999.html</a></i><i style=""><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br />Researchers at <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">North Carolina</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">State</st1:placetype> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> have developed a more efficient technique for producing biofuels from woody plants that significantly reduces the waste that results from conventional biofuel production techniques. The technique is a significant step toward creating a commercially viable new source of biofuels.</span></i><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">"This technique makes the process more efficient and less expensive," says Dr. Ratna Sharma-Shivappa, associate professor of biological and agricultural engineering at NC State and co-author of the research. "The technique could open the door to making lignin-rich plant matter a commercially viable feedstock for biofuels, curtailing biofuel's reliance on staple food crops."</span></i><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Traditionally, to make ethanol, butanol or other biofuels, producers have used corn, beets or other plant matter that is high in starches or simple sugars. However, since those crops are also significant staple foods, biofuels are competing with people for those crops.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">However, other forms of biomass - such as switchgrass or inedible corn stalks - can also be used to make biofuels. But these other crops pose their own problem: their energy potential is locked away inside the plant's lignin - the woody, protective material that provides each plant's structural support.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Breaking down that lignin to reach the plant's component carbohydrates is an essential first step toward making biofuels.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">At present, researchers exploring how to create biofuels from this so-called "woody" material treat the plant matter with harsh chemicals that break it down into a carbohydrate-rich substance and a liquid waste stream. These carbohydrates are then exposed to enzymes that turn the carbohydrates into sugars that can be fermented to make ethanol or butanol.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">This technique often results in a significant portion of the plant's carbohydrates being siphoned off with the liquid waste stream. Researchers must either incorporate additional processes to retrieve those carbohydrates, or lose them altogether.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">But now researchers from NC State have developed a new way to free the carbohydrates from the lignin. By exposing the plant matter to gaseous ozone, with very little moisture, they are able to produce a carbohydrate-rich solid with no solid or liquid waste.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">"This is more efficient because it degrades the lignin very effectively and there is little or no loss of the plant's carbohydrates," Sharma-Shivappa says. "The solid can then go directly to the enzymes to produce the sugars necessary for biofuel production."<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Sharma notes that the process itself is more expensive than using a bath of harsh chemicals to free the carbohydrates, but is ultimately more cost-effective because it makes more efficient use of the plant matter.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">The researchers have recently received a grant from the Center for Bioenergy Research and Development to fine-tune the process for use with switchgrass and miscanthus grass. "Our eventual goal is to use this technique for any type of feedstock, to produce any biofuel or biochemical that can use these sugars," Sharma-Shivappa says.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">The research, "Effect of ozonolysis on bioconversion of miscanthus to bioethanol," was co-authored by Sharma-Shivappa, NC State Ph.D. student Anushadevi Panneerselvam, Dr. Praveen Kolar, an assistant professor of biological and agricultural engineering at NC State, Dr. Thomas Ranney, a professor of horticultural science at NC State, and Dr. Steve Peretti, an associate professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at NC State.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">The research is partially funded by the Biofuels Center of North Carolina and was presented June 23 at the 2010 Annual International Meeting of the American Society for Agricultural and Biological Engineers in Pittsburgh, PA.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">NC State's Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering is a joint department of the university's <st1:placetype st="on">College</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Engineering</st1:placename> and <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">College</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Agriculture</st1:placename></st1:place> and Life Sciences.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-68894293493999173192011-07-17T20:45:00.000-07:002011-07-29T11:07:14.050-07:00Articles Global Warming About<div class="separator" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><a href="http://discovery-globalwarming.blogspot.com/"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWuyD8sM5XajX0sbD45iM4plqquw-ftZVB_Peudq2BXrlXqf6n1Vi9UwLP4EFUT0MpuYZwOQQfVk4DO3s4Z8Dia9iMSfgUj4hns6lA5iUPgY4pdgs9mA_x3eTH4JCnmNXpfo2pNGB0f9U/s320/global-warming.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">This is not the time to be complacent and apathetic. We need to act positively and constructively. There is pain and destruction is imminent. We must not shy away from the truth, but "An Inconvenient Truth" can be. It's time to put our shoulders to the wheel and focused with all the concentration. With global warming going to engulf us. And if we spend too much time, we really swallow. Then you walk in the dark. We can provide the biggest disaster that we saw and spoke only to fight in the exciting films remains to be established in fact. If global warming is expanding its tentacles over us, will not continue reading this article. Why humanity will die!</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Understanding global warming</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Global warming is a phenomenon that occurred for some time. Our blue planet hotter because of the increased volume of carbon dioxide. tons of carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels and nonrenewable resources such as coal, natural gas, gasoline, oil, oil shale, etc. The use of fossil fuels on a large scale began with the 16 th century Industrial Revolution in the early Great Britain and colonies of Great Britain. The Industrial Revolution witnessed the opening of the steam engine that runs on fossil fuels. But for centuries, scientists have found that gradually burning of fossil fuels is associated with high levels of air pollution. Burning of fossil fuels leads to a large percentage of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen, etc., left in the atmosphere. These toxic gases have a negative impact on the climate and ecology of our planet. They also have a negative impact on our health.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen in the water with the formation of corrosive acids, dissolve, damage irreparably damage the graves and palaces of marble.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Sulphur dioxide and water, sulfuric acid (very aggressive)</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Nitrogen dioxide and water to nitric acid (strong corrosive acid)</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Sustainable</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Therefore, when these toxic gases in a mixture of water and form rain water, the inevitable consequence of acid rain, acid rain, such as vulgar. This acid rain can eat the surface of architectural splendor, as mentioned above. Refinery near the Taj Mahal in Agra, India released a deadly gas into the air above the mausoleum. These gases have led to the formation of acid rains, which have a devastating impact on this area was pure white marble Taj Mahal. The destruction was so great that the management of the plant will be developed by the Government of India, and environmental activists. The factory was ordered to reduce their emissions to reduce the high level of production and close some of its activities on a beautiful monument and the tomb of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and his wife Mumtaz Mahal (then the name of the monument) to prevent all falls to pieces. The plant has made several attempts to methods for their production, planting trees, through the development of ecological park, which currently is home to many migratory birds and rare birds. protection, and a sincere response from the plant one of the seven wonders of the modern world of decadence, reassured the government and activists. However, environmental defenders could not sleep. We hurt hundreds of companies around the world, environmental laws and regulations in their daily lives. Measures for environmental protection should be done in the long term. environmental projects in the short term and sudden provocation "ecological systems" for the sake of advertising and image quality are desirable, nor useful. Sustainable development and environmental protection are the only weapon we have to deal with global warming.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Greenhouse</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The temperature on our planet is increasing because of global warming. The burning of fossil fuels will lead to emissions of greenhouse gases. Carbon dioxide, water vapor and methane, some of the greenhouse gases are known. These gases absorb infrared radiation, and to give. Greenhouse gases tend to trap heat and raising temperatures on our planet. Thus, as a result of greenhouse gas emissions, which is our planet is always heated by an enormous size and global warming in this steady rise in temperatures and parameters of the catastrophic consequences for our planet and our lives. The hot air melts the glaciers and snowy peaks of thawing. When the heat intense, ice and snow, most of the mountain ranges around the world will melt very quickly. Melted ice and snow will enter the waters of rivers and eventually into the sea, and the unprecedented rise in sea level. Swell rivers and seas overflow and flood the country. Coste vanish, plunge whole countries. In addition to flooding, extreme weather events such as heatwaves and cold periods, floods, droughts, hurricanes and other T'ikapapa global warming.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Deforestation</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Deforestation is another aspect that global warming, because it causes an abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide. Global warming is already installed on our planet. Nevertheless, if global warming is underway, will eliminate all existing forests of our planet, and cause complete destruction of marine flora and fauna. Thus, global warming, deforestation and global warming, which, in turn, causes the causes blurred woods. What a vicious circle!</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Ozone layer</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The ozone layer protects the earth from ultraviolet radiation, direct and unapologetic (UV) rays of the sun is exhausted. Some gases better than chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons and CFCs or hydrobromofluorocarbons produced by our industry as we know, the food ozone. Aerosols produced various industries because of the ozone layer wear away. Ata ozone hole or depression in the ozone layer, usually a hole in the ozone layer. As the ozone hole is growing in this area, more UV rays penetrate the Earth's atmosphere as possible. Elevated levels of ultraviolet radiation in the atmosphere make our planet uninhabitable. Excessive exposure to UV radiation leads to the development of skin cancer and cataracts in humans. Excessive exposure to UV radiation also causes irreparable damage to many species of animals and plants. The consequences of this is an incurable problem in the food chain. Ozone depletion is a very contentious issue, as professionals, as well as disadvantages. Irony (w) hole in connection with the fact that ozone is a greenhouse gas. Too much is growing, and global warming is not a sufficient population, complete skin cancer outcome.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Meltdown</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">This distribution differs from the economic collapse that we have recently experienced. Although we have yet again demonstrated that the feet of decline in the autumn, we, our proven, or someone did not like and does not affect if all caps melting icecaps and glaciers in the world, and if we used these phenomena, and widespread fear of global warming.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">We are ready ...?</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Unfortunately, I'm not ready to face a catastrophe of this magnitude. We have divided among us, to reduce emissions in countries and to what extent. At various meetings and conferences at the highest level, we only discuss the numbers, levels and prices, and the land is ticking biological clock threatened. There is no unity among all developed countries, developing and underdeveloped countries because of global warming. Everyone agrees that global warming is a threat to universal disaster and spells destruction. But the big question: which country has jurisdiction and that the country should take the initiative to sharply reduce harmful emissions. Blame blame and Buck everywhere, and pointed accusing fingers, increasing the burden of proof, and allegations against the prosecution and it seems that on the agenda, while global warming continues to constantly engulf our planet. Developed countries are always ready to correct the pressure and intimidation in the less developed countries, as well as supporting LDCs to developed countries, the slogan of hoarseness. Mercury does not show signs of weakness. You can shoot at an alarming rate, and the policy is a step ahead of speeches, debates, heated mirrors, power and domination.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Real enemy</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">What the hell are we all, for all of us? Time is running out. Get up, wake up, all you dream and stop the controversy and strife. We want another disaster like what happened 65 million years, and erased all the dinosaurs on Earth? No, we want to be destroyed. And it keeps us united against a common cause? What prevents us put aside our individual problems? Because in reality we are all made from the same creator. Rather than emphasize that because we have decided to forget and focus on our differences a number of other walls that we built our country into a nation, race, state by state, race, and man by man? There is a big enemy of global warming? Enemy who is in ourselves?</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The choice is ours. If we work together and make concerted efforts to avoid global warming, or let the enemy within us, to create several groups with us and beat us all. If we keep the enemy at a distance, for us, we will eventually overcome all of us. And if we, the people of 21 century living in this beautiful, middle and base enough to prefer the power and political interests should be protected, and racism, and not threaten our planet, we must win by heating in general. Because our opponents do not seem to global warming, but ourselves.</div>yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-86596771407315782702011-07-16T07:10:00.000-07:002011-07-29T11:08:00.530-07:00UFO On the Record<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHzgFUjdtGtaYLdhzwlTX0bfBCRiwKeArf9c3rqZEtXGT16xz0Y_UyxJoMFv846M4n0SGb9gFABfC7M0xQpA-_Od-LWqP8fwcBfD8KVtj_7GXiyC4qqROQiDGQmTccfoFggHPGKDN8ZPL5/s1600/41XS1uGzXFL._SL500_AA300_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHzgFUjdtGtaYLdhzwlTX0bfBCRiwKeArf9c3rqZEtXGT16xz0Y_UyxJoMFv846M4n0SGb9gFABfC7M0xQpA-_Od-LWqP8fwcBfD8KVtj_7GXiyC4qqROQiDGQmTccfoFggHPGKDN8ZPL5/s320/41XS1uGzXFL._SL500_AA300_.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">No one on Earth has had the technology to build UFOs. It is only in the past year that we have made the discoveries necessary and confirmed necessary possibilities for building them ourselves. At least now it is possible to establish a targeted program to build the craft with some hope of success.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Those who have followed my posts know also that there is conforming evidence to support the UFOs and their occupants are part of a human space based civilization established around twenty thousand years ago who acted 13,000 years ago to end the northern Ice Age.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Leslie Kean has done us a service by introducing high value authoritative resources to the subject in one book. This will give the subject weight in the </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">US</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> that it has lacked.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">It is noteworthy that a number of countries have thrown their data out on the common pool. The </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">US</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> needs to do the same, since it is obvious that they are just as clueless and that sitting on the evidence is solving nothing.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><i style=""><span style=""><a href="http://devoid.blogs.heraldtribune.com/11096/ufos-on-the-record-debunkers-beware/" title="Permanent Link to UFOs On the Record: debunkers beware"><span style="color: rgb(0, 71, 118);">UFOs On the Record: debunkers beware</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">by <a href="http://devoid.blogs.heraldtribune.com/author/cox/" title="Posts by Billy Cox"><span style="color: rgb(0, 71, 118);">Billy Cox</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">August 10th, 2010 <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><a href="http://devoid.blogs.heraldtribune.com/11096/ufos-on-the-record-debunkers-beware/?pa=all&tc=pgall">http://devoid.blogs.heraldtribune.com/11096/ufos-on-the-record-debunkers-beware/?pa=all&tc=pgall</a><o:p></o:p></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">In a different culture, maybe, and were this any other issue,<span style=""> UFOs: Generals, Pilots, and Government Officials Go On the Record</span> would be a game-changer. And it still could be. The long-anticipated results of Leslie Kean’s 10-year investigation reach retailers today with the sort of pedigree that makes it the most important book on UFOs in a generation.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(243, 243, 243); line-height: 12.75pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">From the foreword by former Clinton White House chief of staff John Podesta — who reiterates his longstanding contention that any UFO investigation should be transparent — to endorsements by grounded luminaries such as physicist Michio Kaku, <span style="">UFOs On the Record</span> avoids New Age hokum and will expose debunkers as willfully uninformed, dishonest and/or 100 percent irrelevant.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 7.5pt 0in 9pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Readers who’ve followed Kean’s work will know she draws most heavily from the watershed 2007 press conference she staged with documentary filmmaker James Fox. That’s when an international cast of characters — the impeccably credentialed subjects of the book’s subtitle — convened in <st1:state st="on">Washington</st1:state> to urge the <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">U.S.</st1:country-region></st1:place> to reopen its scientific investigation of UFOs.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">No reason to revisit those details here; you can check it out at the<a href="http://www.freedomofinfo.org/national_press_07/declaration_march.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(0, 71, 118);">Coalition for Freedom of Information</span></a> or at <a href="http://ufosontherecord.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(0, 71, 118);">UFOs On the Record</span></a>. Ten of those panelists, including two pilots who attacked UFOs in jet fighters, contributed to the the book. As well as the former head of the French equivalent of NASA and <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Brazil</st1:country-region></st1:place>’s chief of Air Force operations.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 7.5pt 0in 9pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Given the potential windfall of knowledge embodied by the phenomena, the broader, more dispiriting portrait that emerges is of a nation in an intellectual stupor, conditioned to dismiss the persistent mystery with derision and punchlines. Unable to muster little more than a 40-year-old press release in defense of its inability to secure its own air space, the <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">United States</st1:country-region></st1:place> finds itself increasingly isolated amid a bewildered and increasingly vocal global community.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 7.5pt 0in 9pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 7.5pt 0in 9pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">With <st1:country-region st="on">France</st1:country-region> leading the way, 13 countries from <st1:country-region st="on">Uruguay</st1:country-region> to the <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">United Kingdom</st1:country-region></st1:place> have transferred government UFO records into the public domain. But information-sharing overtures by foreign representatives are greeted with silence by Uncle Sam. The temptation is to argue the <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">U.S.</st1:country-region></st1:place> has no incentive to participate due to its likely hoarding of UFO stash inside deep-black Special Access Programs, but Kean wisely chooses not to linger at the conspiracy trough.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 7.5pt 0in 9pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Kean contends “the fundamental problem afflicting true understanding of UFOs is ignorance, not secrecy, and that this ignorance is accepted because it serves a political purpose.” That purpose, she continues, is “to maintain the imperative that we must avoid facing the possibility that <span style="">any</span>UFOs could be extraterrestrial. For if they were, that would mean that these miraculous craft, vehicles, objects of unknown original — whatever they are — are generated by a more powerful ‘other’ from somewhere else.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 7.5pt 0in 9pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Her reasoning is sharpened by two political science professors, Dr. Alexander Wendt of Ohio State University, and the University of Minnesota’s Dr. Raymond Duvall, who contribute an essay, “Militant Agnosticism and the UFO Taboo.” They make a strong case that “the problem of UFO ignorance is fundamentally political before it is scientific.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 7.5pt 0in 9pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="">UFOs: Generals, Pilots and Government Officials Go On the Record</span></i><i style=""><span style=""> is a tightly-constructed call to arms — a plea, actually, against overwhelming cultural odds — for the renewal of honest scientific inquiry into the most profound challenge of our age. The book belongs on the Science, Current Events, or Political Science sections of the chain-store shelves.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 7.5pt 0in 9pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">But <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">America</st1:country-region></st1:place> is hard-wired for cliches. If precedent holds and it winds up in the Occult or Astrology ghetto next to the tarot cards and the healing crystals, Kean’s research will have strikes against it before it can even step up to the plate. As always, perception, not reality, is the heavy hitter at the front gate.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-58215610732377792222011-07-13T05:32:00.000-07:002011-07-29T11:10:59.729-07:00Biochar for Carbon Sequestration Study<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOEl-igaQZ-K-Xntxg4RYnkCCuxbo3YBlD3ab0bODUyRk-bDVQ37t_pLxjrfYxKUFQM4l6ngMk4x_HqqbA46hNg0_6mfEsCMTTbf3yPQbRppjYcpuHW69zEqfTIhKh25Fhxqrm9o0WR1XY/s1600/biochar.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOEl-igaQZ-K-Xntxg4RYnkCCuxbo3YBlD3ab0bODUyRk-bDVQ37t_pLxjrfYxKUFQM4l6ngMk4x_HqqbA46hNg0_6mfEsCMTTbf3yPQbRppjYcpuHW69zEqfTIhKh25Fhxqrm9o0WR1XY/s320/biochar.JPG" border="0" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">This work is on a recent study done to evaluate the effect that adoption of biochar throughout the globe may have in terms of carbon sequestration. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The take home is that present regimes could comfortably handle up to fifteen percent of the CO2 produced and vented presently.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">However, the real certainty is that we will be exiting the fossil fuel business over the coming century. We are witnessing the first moves there in the massive emergence of successful wind energy production. The real break will be fusion energy when we master that art. In the meantime, Geothermal and solar will also emerge now at a great clip.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">When we exit the fossil business also reforest the maximum open land which will massively increase the globe’s biomass, we are likely to swiftly create a CO2 deficit and will need to burn fossil fuels to make up the difference.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">1.8 billion metric tons of carbon applied to land at say ten tons per acre will produce 200 million acres of fully involved terra preta soils. This works out to be around a quarter million square miles per year. Of course, in time we can just keep on adding carbon to fully involved soils but that then will not likely be necessary.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Also, as I have already posted, logistics and handling issues will likely make corn husbandry as the go to crop for this. Most other crops simply produce too little usable waste.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">And in spite of the ongoing chatter about using waste wood, it is not the first choice in terms of soils. Most likely there the biochar will be screened for a fines fraction while the balance is used as a fuel for which it is well suited.</span><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style="">Offsetting greenhouse gas emissions using charcoal<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">By <a href="http://www.gizmag.com/author/darren-quick/"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 204);">Darren Quick</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">00:11 August 11, 2010</span></i><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);"><a href="http://www.gizmag.com/biochar-to-offset-greenhouse-gas-emissions/16006/">http://www.gizmag.com/biochar-to-offset-greenhouse-gas-emissions/16006/</a><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">According to a new study, as much as 12 percent of the world’s human-caused greenhouse gas emissions could be sustainably offset by producing biochar, a charcoal-like substance made from plants and other organic materials. That’s more than would be offset if the same plants and materials were burned to generate bioenergy, says the study. Additionally, biochar could improve food production in the world’s poorest regions as it increases soil fertility.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">Biochar is made by decomposing biomass like plants, wood and other organic materials at high temperature in a process called slow pyrolysis – a form of incineration that decomposes organic materials by heat in the absence of oxygen. Normally, biomass breaks down and releases its carbon into the atmosphere within a decade or two. But biochar is more stable and can hold onto its carbon for hundreds or even thousands of years, keeping greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide out of the air longer.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">Other biochar benefits include: improving soils by increasing their ability to retain water and nutrients; decreasing nitrous oxide and methane emissions from the soil into which it is tilled; and, during the slow pyrolysis process, producing some bio-based gas and oil that can offset emissions from fossil fuels.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">The carbon-packed substance was first suggested as a way to counteract climate change in 1993. Scientists and policymakers have given it increasing attention in the past few years and this new study conducted by a collaborative team from the Department of Energy’s <a href="http://www.pnl.gov/" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 204);">Pacific Northwest National Laboratory</span></a> (PNNL), <a href="http://www.swan.ac.uk/" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 204);">Swansea University</span></a>, <a href="http://www.cornell.edu/" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 204);">Cornell University</span></a>, and the <a href="http://www.unsw.edu.au/" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 204);">University of New South Wales</span></a>, is the most thorough and comprehensive analysis to date on the global potential of biochar.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">The study<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">For their study, the researchers looked to the world’s sources of biomass that aren’t already being used by humans as food. For example, they considered the world’s supply of corn leaves and stalks, rice husks, livestock manure and yard trimmings, to name a few. The researchers then calculated the carbon content of that biomass and how much of each source could realistically be used for biochar production.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">With this information, they developed a mathematical model that could account for three possible scenarios. In one, the maximum possible amount of biochar was made by using all sustainably available biomass. Another scenario involved a minimal amount of biomass being converted into biochar, while the third offered a middle course. The maximum scenario required significant changes to the way the entire planet manages biomass, while the minimal scenario limited biochar production to using biomass residues and wastes that are readily available with few changes to current practices.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">The researchers found that the maximum scenario could offset up to the equivalent of 1.8 petagrams – or 1.8 billion metric tons – of carbon emissions annually and a total of 130 billion metric tons throughout in the first 100 years. Avoided emissions include the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. The estimated annual maximum offset is 12 percent of the 15.4 billion metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions that human activity adds to the atmosphere each year. Researchers also calculated that the minimal scenario could sequester just under 1 billion metric tons annually and 65 billion metric tons during the same period.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">Making biochar sustainably requires heating mostly residual biomass with modern technologies that recover energy created during biochar’s production and eliminate the emissions of methane and nitrous oxide, the study also noted.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Biochar and bioenergy<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">Instead of making biochar, biomass can also be burned to produce bioenergy from heat. Researchers found that burning the same amount of biomass used in their maximum biochar scenario would offset 107 billion metric tons of carbon emissions during the first century. The bioenergy offset, while substantial, was 23 metric tons less than the offset from biochar.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">Researchers attributed this difference to a positive feedback from the addition of biochar to soils. By improving soil conditions, biochar increases plant growth and therefore creates more biomass for biochar productions. Adding biochar to soils can also decrease nitrous oxide and methane emissions that are naturally released from soil.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);"><a href="http://images.gizmag.com/inline/biochar-0.jpg">http://images.gizmag.com/inline/biochar-0.jpg</a><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIUtyf-D7vRKWavo_b1flpr5BUb1hqVFFl4yJua3RgBTVXVNV3RGbaPoqW-LhdL2YEZH3yugIMVKdj_ZSZPRRV0TaoUKEJhU-nxshjjBXvLHQfGSw5cQsq9sTmHWfStqolo-NSNhTn2Luj/s1600/biochar-0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIUtyf-D7vRKWavo_b1flpr5BUb1hqVFFl4yJua3RgBTVXVNV3RGbaPoqW-LhdL2YEZH3yugIMVKdj_ZSZPRRV0TaoUKEJhU-nxshjjBXvLHQfGSw5cQsq9sTmHWfStqolo-NSNhTn2Luj/s320/biochar-0.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">However, the researchers say a flexible approach including the production of biochar in some areas and bioenergy in others would create optimal greenhouse gas offsets. Their study showed that biochar would be most beneficial if it were tilled into the planet’s poorest soils, such as those in the tropics and the <st1:place st="on">Southeastern United States</st1:place>.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">Those soils, which have lost their ability to hold onto nutrients during thousands of years of weathering, would become more fertile with the extra water and nutrients the biochar would help retain. Richer soils would increase the crop and biomass growth – and future biochar sources – in those areas. Adding biochar to the most infertile cropland would offset greenhouse gases by 60 percent more than if bioenergy were made using the same amount of biomass from that location, the researchers found.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">On the other hand, the authors wrote that bioenergy production could be better suited for areas that already have rich soils - such as the <st1:place st="on">Midwest</st1:place> – and that also rely on coal for energy. Their analysis showed that bioenergy production on fertile soils would offset the greenhouse gas emissions of coal-fired power plants by 16 to 22 percent more than biochar in the same situation.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);"><a href="http://images.gizmag.com/inline/biochar-1.jpg">http://images.gizmag.com/inline/biochar-1.jpg</a><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrCofzJiqX6y-esfdybsKbTWeEdI0tI_cT9_smUMw0JTJJSzQgXTR1ubHEHtPJy5GppAcXPuCVV23RRBBU-78I-XP9ySWrtnOM1CRfbxxhkqsx6LwszgdKP7yGezhqPu6tdI6yff_Nnyup/s1600/biochar-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrCofzJiqX6y-esfdybsKbTWeEdI0tI_cT9_smUMw0JTJJSzQgXTR1ubHEHtPJy5GppAcXPuCVV23RRBBU-78I-XP9ySWrtnOM1CRfbxxhkqsx6LwszgdKP7yGezhqPu6tdI6yff_Nnyup/s320/biochar-1.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Sustainability<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">The study also shows how sustainable practices can make the biochar that creates these offsets.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">“The scientific community has been split on biochar,” says PNNL’s Jim Amonette. “Some think it’ll ruin biodiversity and require large biomass plantations. But our research shows that won’t be the case if the right approach is taken.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">The researchers’ estimates of avoided emissions were developed by assuming no agricultural or previously unmanaged lands will be converted for biomass crop production. Other sustainability criteria included leaving enough biomass residue on the soil to prevent erosion, not using crop residues currently eaten by livestock, not adding biochar made from treated building materials to agricultural soils and requiring that only modern pyrolysis technologies – those that fully recover energy released during the process and eliminate soot, methane and nitrous oxide emissions – be used for biochar production.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">“Roughly half of biochar’s climate-mitigation potential is due to its carbon storage abilities,” Amonette said. “The rest depends on the efficient recovery of the energy created during pyrolysis and the positive feedback achieved when biochar is added to soil. All of these are needed for biochar to reach its full sustainable potential.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">The study, "Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change," appears in the journal <span style=""><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/journal/v1/n5/full/ncomms1053.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 204);">Nature Communications</span></a></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div>yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-36050784932349611232011-07-11T21:01:00.000-07:002011-07-29T11:06:04.095-07:00Proof of Evolution and challenges of global warming<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://discovery-globalwarming.blogspot.com/" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsee8o_EYrEYu7vGLvzG1zANdNHeUsP6t62f4V-YQLNkIrHuhDQk7Gd6TIop71tw8dhuuhLWjnBuQQyJF0u76ghH8OS4HqhfRRz8Wxga-RD0hucJYDCD_n4vTZY3vmktJOxMuMNovMzs8/s320/global-warming.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">The idea of anthropogenic global warming is under fire in recent months. Those who collect and disseminate information, it was discovered the numbers have changed, so that man is warming seems to be done.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />Some of these "scientists" are now conceded that the data shows global warming has not happened since 1995.<br /><br />Thousands of scientists have provided information that the idea of artificial contradiction with global warming. Only recently has this idea confirmed.It-against has been shown that global warming scientists "have falsified data. This is already accepted.<br /><br />This reveals the fact that politics can affect the results of some scientists. Ie. Scientists are not all looking for a little 'practice.<br /><br />Our world, of course, seems to be cooling or heating. This site is for thousands of years. However, until now, there is no evidence that humans are the trends van deze case (solar activity seems to be the TE Meest scientific explanation).<br /><br />It 's amazing how the idea of man and global warming seems to Darwinian evolution made in parallel with each other.<br /><br />O data and information was collected mainly in universities and government institutions (this is the fox guarding the hen house?).<br />or Both make use of ad hominem attacks, like the call of the opposition "flat earthers" or other names.<br />Opponents or are prohibited by most of the original data. I'm just not allowed much of the information used to support the ideas seen.<br />o The two have strong support from the media, despite the fact that the scientific evidence against two ideas overhelmingly<br />or Both are strongly encouraged in public schools and universities.<br /><br />It is easier to transmit data on global warming to find (even if the data were kept secret years) is that Darwinism Because dealing with the evolution of different aspects of science.<br />The person is interested in digging beneath the surface of normal university or high school during the next hoaxes (or science just terrible) was used to "prove" the theory of evolution.<br /><br />or Piltdown Man, a creature with characteristics of both humans and monkeys. Used for four decades, the theory of evolution is to take hold "in the United States until someone discovered that the" monkey-man'was formed by mixing of two monkeys and human bones were found with the bones as they age, filed teeth, etc.<br />Or Nebraska man was a man-ape of high-profile ", used in the test Sccopes (high profile). It 'very instrumental in establishing the idea of man evolving from apes. Following this" monkey man "was shooting with a single tooth of an extinct pig.<br />or embryos Haeckel was a chart with various vertebrates that "all steps in the evolution" in its infancy (which is also the same phase of Gill). This image is a hoax at the end of 1800. (Although we still found in many textbooks today).<br /><br />These hoaxes and bad science are not the exception. There are literally dozens of scientific laws, principles and facts that directly contradict the theory of evolution.<br /><br />Statist regimes (including Nazism), socialism and communism are all based on the Darwinian theory of evolution (in particular to eliminate the idea of Judaism and Christianity). Their posters often include the theory behind their ideas.<br /><br />Today it seems that the same people behind the artificial global warming is pushing the idea of evolution.<br /><br />Unless something beneath the surface of typical hand, we remain convinced of information that educators and politicians for decades teaches us that both ideas.<br /><br />Politics and science do not mix. And if they do not mix together, always knowing that suffers at the expense of politics. Recent discoveries have shown that the "science of man-made global warming is seriously compromised. With all the facts that we discover the trend, it seems that the same happens with it as well.<br /><br />For some form of evolution is clear evidence to support the theory, Darwinism is more than likely continue on the same track as the man who took the global warming. It could also last for many decades, however, the current serious problems of evolution to the public.</div>yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-13018044183236182932011-07-11T08:36:00.000-07:002011-07-29T11:14:18.983-07:00What In The World is This Animal In Bloomfield Township?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqlBz_Kfdh5qpuL6dUkKJ181CUa5gomlPIctVGsUCC8O5qHmY0UOJMxz7S2RgvARxMIyBBo3NoqbMjUjQNB-LZzSIRAFy2OpJwRyOKdUgRr95VxW4sIDwmMiXhJr3VmI9kzYv0-bhxUGVd/s1600/closeup_20100806215827_320_240.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqlBz_Kfdh5qpuL6dUkKJ181CUa5gomlPIctVGsUCC8O5qHmY0UOJMxz7S2RgvARxMIyBBo3NoqbMjUjQNB-LZzSIRAFy2OpJwRyOKdUgRr95VxW4sIDwmMiXhJr3VmI9kzYv0-bhxUGVd/s320/closeup_20100806215827_320_240.JPG" border="0" /></a></div><h1 style="margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></span></h1><h1 style="margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></span></h1><h1 style="margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></span></h1><h1 style="margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">After this weekend’s picture of the alleged dead Chupacabra we have this set of photos. What I am seeing is a fox that has shed its outer coat. Notice the thinness of the tail and how the lack of fur lets the ears look larger. It may even be a coyote but fox seems more likely.<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1><h1 style="margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: normal;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></o:p></span></h1><h1 style="margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Has the warm summer around the northern Hemisphere brought on a wave of shedding? Possibly, since we are seeing more than one case. The full molt argues against a simple skin disease which would show partial shedding.<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1><h1 style="margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: normal;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></o:p></span></h1><h1 style="margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">One of these corpses that are in hand needs to be properly identified and we have plenty of biologists with the skills.<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1><h1 style="margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: normal;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></o:p></span></h1><h1 style="margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The Chupacabra appears to be a rare unrecognized vampire bat having the same mass as one of these foxes. We actually have two unusual animals scaring the chickens.</span><o:p></o:p></span></h1><h1 style="margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size:12pt;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></h1><h1 style="margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size:12pt;" ><i>What In The World is This Animal In </i><st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on"><i>Bloomfield</i></st1:placename><i> </i><st1:placetype st="on"><i>Township</i></st1:placetype></st1:place><i><o:p></o:p></i></span></h1><h1 style="margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size:12pt;" ><o:p><i> </i></o:p></span></h1><div class="fontstyle21" style="margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(99, 99, 99);"><i>Updated: Friday, 06 Aug 2010, 10:36 PM EDT<o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="fontstyle21" style="margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(99, 99, 99);"><i><br />Published : Friday, 06 Aug 2010, 10:19 PM EDT<o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="fontstyle21" style="margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(99, 99, 99);"><i><br /></i></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvjYxjr41tLKVh3ZmfmjrHhpNqUUM6sHqimFO5Ucs8JokRDGMpU4NGPxUaijKQ2sF-nKWA_9xGPnfT66IEVmEwVEevFOYgf0_zUYgHiYH0fLqDy9OzM2eZQGLs_yPv49iKTqWiTi1h4Gkp/s1600/strangean7_20100806221434_320_240.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvjYxjr41tLKVh3ZmfmjrHhpNqUUM6sHqimFO5Ucs8JokRDGMpU4NGPxUaijKQ2sF-nKWA_9xGPnfT66IEVmEwVEevFOYgf0_zUYgHiYH0fLqDy9OzM2eZQGLs_yPv49iKTqWiTi1h4Gkp/s320/strangean7_20100806221434_320_240.JPG" border="0" /></a></div><div class="fontstyle21" style="margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(99, 99, 99);"><i><br /></i></span></div><div style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 7.5pt 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64);"><i>((MyFoxDetroit.com Staff)) - Do you know what this is? Joel from </i><st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on"><i>Bloomfield</i></st1:placename><i> </i><st1:placetype st="on"><i>Township</i></st1:placetype></st1:place><i> says this animal started showing up in his backyard yesterday.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 7.5pt 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64);"><i>He took a few photos and sent them to us to help identify the animal. Please scroll through them. We've sent them off to Veterinarian but until we hear back, what's your call?<o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 7.5pt 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64);"><i>Add your ideas in the comment box below. We'll post the answers from the experts once we get them. See if you're right.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 7.5pt 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64);"><i>UPDATE: Some quick research has our staff thinking it's a mangy fox or a coyote. Still, what do you think?<o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 7.5pt 0in; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="line-height: 12.75pt; margin: 7.5pt 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64);"><i>From James we have <o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><i>This animal is showing up all over the States... many of the nudnicks are calling it el chupacabra, okay... My thought is that there is more genetic splicing and cloning being done then we will ever know. For these things to be showing up all over the States, I don't know, just a bit too coincidental if you ask me.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><i><br />If you think that there aren't Dr Frankenstein's out there as well as fully funded Government labs making new and trying to revive old animals you living with your head in the sand.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><i><br />Every time they get a dead one they send it off for DNA testing and we never ever here anything about it again... it's also why when archeologists find anomalous artifacts the objects seem to vanish.... things like a 8000 year old human femur bone that is four feet long... or modern type tools embedded in coal a mile under the earth...fossilized modern human footprints that are right next to dinosaur footprints...<o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><i><br />If you find these thing fascinating as I do, pick up "Forbidden Archeology" by Michael Cremo. It's a HUGE book and it will blow your mind to what they are hiding from us so not to upset the fake made up history that we have been fed and brainwashed to believe. Let's hold them to the DNA testing of these things, if it's a fox or a coyote I want to know.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><i><br /></i></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj08VL69xX6PkFHjGstMcOaLEtOOhZu7s4U5APkd4l8e_arhQw90vNGYp4EdH-JmzeO8A2hMk019CM7wVDTkeq8pZONd_r8iKNP9q7tLquLwz6JN_8iPNY6sHxclAaIfRtH_zWPGh8qh5ow/s1600/strange9_20100806221727_320_240.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj08VL69xX6PkFHjGstMcOaLEtOOhZu7s4U5APkd4l8e_arhQw90vNGYp4EdH-JmzeO8A2hMk019CM7wVDTkeq8pZONd_r8iKNP9q7tLquLwz6JN_8iPNY6sHxclAaIfRtH_zWPGh8qh5ow/s320/strange9_20100806221727_320_240.JPG" border="0" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmZLxuZDj3lCdIm-1MTIgGvlyaImICO0MdbgVkdQwU4ewUmhHal03uD1jBMPoLBxXFC35Tic97okuBfoHd_79HRi40r-LhuN5DCLTCAS32DFh9ILvM5lYRJv2KNVkzBFQam3XkWINstafQ/s1600/strange4_20100806221205_320_240.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmZLxuZDj3lCdIm-1MTIgGvlyaImICO0MdbgVkdQwU4ewUmhHal03uD1jBMPoLBxXFC35Tic97okuBfoHd_79HRi40r-LhuN5DCLTCAS32DFh9ILvM5lYRJv2KNVkzBFQam3XkWINstafQ/s320/strange4_20100806221205_320_240.JPG" border="0" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">And for a comparison, here is a fully furred fox with his bushy tail</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGfQjB6gZaxSWb1pBDelP4nqQdtwvtYzGGKyDfOGVKkD6sGboi0FwvGdWAoNzMhCFAv76BZ-duoduMJkPNj4NiiXabYEyq4rcQoWE_2_dZdM0KKGH9Yoc9mPdW5eu_3ZB_gzwRyesUWMzn/s1600/red-fox-near-den_6140.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGfQjB6gZaxSWb1pBDelP4nqQdtwvtYzGGKyDfOGVKkD6sGboi0FwvGdWAoNzMhCFAv76BZ-duoduMJkPNj4NiiXabYEyq4rcQoWE_2_dZdM0KKGH9Yoc9mPdW5eu_3ZB_gzwRyesUWMzn/s320/red-fox-near-den_6140.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><i><br /></i></span></div>yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-66685832827740937192011-07-09T21:06:00.000-07:002011-07-29T11:05:32.514-07:00Global Warming - Burning My Iceland<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://discovery-globalwarming.blogspot.com/" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBq5uOzbP78Ktmbm3-XWEim0KIkqLpthpSgRaEdzmde8m5UjcmnHCYywh1xY9YI-DhyphenhyphenjlZ3SiJsaNYFW6U-qjBkzFnsUTLhMdvRItQWVOXk-WARUwBUCto0hcEWElplsz7jFIj7of3G3A/s320/global-warming.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Living on a tropical island, is quite unique. If you love the natural world, there are many things you could do it. I grew up in a small valley in the hills south of my island and I have known my whole life.<br /><br />Field trips to a pretty fast pace of the canyon hills hundred meters is all worth it when I have to choose a place near the top only. It is a true blessing to be able to do. It is a wonderful job, too. The tops of steep hills to near the base is covered by savannah grasslands. The very steep slopes and along its base are wooded ravine. More than jungle delirium. If you look in the mountains in the distance, are the golden color of the meadows a great contrast to the dark green jungle hills. It is amazing to know how my mind that a hundred years ago, almost all of these dark hills. Jungles all the way up. Wow. And one reason why not.<br /><br />Fire was a tool for humans used almost since its discovery. He also has done before. And one of the biggest weapons for hunting deer has become here in the jungles of the south. What they do is a fire. Just set a fire the flame and let it rip. Help if you would have difficulties. For once it's gone and burning in arable soil, a wonderful thing called life happens next. New shoots of grass from the hills and burned black. And the deer is probably a surprise, because they consume these tender buds. The wild hunter waits.<br /><br />Oh, but all the other things that there was kindled a fire in the hills happened. Surely this is not the arsonist would have thought about it. Let us straight in the direction that things go happen. The fire is determined and set on fire. The atmosphere is the first hit. A powerful greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide), a by-product of combustion of vegetation is directly exposed to the atmosphere. But wait. We do not really feel their effects for a long time. No, not right. Global warming. Exactly. It is not surprising that the collective memory of vegetation in the world is still a significant contribution to global warming? his strike.<br /><br />While in the flames, a fire are often lost in a jungle. The fire will stop, right? That is true. The last time. But the fire will not die once they walk into the jungle. He has to burn its way into a little "to run into the water and most of the jungle. You know, it will take at least one meter. Do burnout. So how can you burn burn, walking to the size of forests . The more you burn, the less the jungle. Strike two.<br /><br />Now, the fire died and the hills are bare. When the rain comes, and then the soil to wash away. I have never burned washed flee a hill by the rain. Soil erosion by sedimentation in water. But that does not matter. The ocean is big. Will not hurt. In the grand scheme of the oceans, not too much. For aquatic life in rivers, coral, and the open sea populations that feed and live on these reefs, the damage is absolutely fatal. Strike three.<br /><br />Add all. We have professionals on the one hand, the shot immediately after a new fire is enticing deer. It would be easier to catch. And only useful for the hunter. We are opposite on the other side, and the list is impressive.<br /><br />- The air in our atmosphere gets an infusion of a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. We know without doubt that large and persistent global warming has caused and is accelerating, climate change may very well end our day.<br /><br />- It is the country. Our lower jungle. This quickly leads to loss of habitat for animals. The bright green jungle of our gold and the sea of our savannas are burned from the hills of text and black. All animals, nests or caves caught fire, food, well, that's just their loss. And if it rains, we lose our topsoil. The roots in the city, burned clean. accelerated soil erosion, I despise. .<br /><br />- It is the sea, rivers are included. Immediately after the soil erosion is the effect of sedimentation. This transported soil spreading. And blankets and suffocates when it finally stabilized. Sedimentation is the bearer of death for microscopic organisms, plants, fish and corals, to say the least. In the aquatic environment, is the destruction of large and extended. Imagine that your air is filled with the ashes of all time. What would be the quality of your life, what then?<br /><br />He has about 700 million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every day. There is no doubt, no debate. A large percentage comes from the constant reminder of the natural landscape. We have to change the way they do things.<br /><br />The survival of our race, have to stop global warming. Climate change in progress should be maintained, if not reversed. If we refuse to realize this, it will matter in fifty or a hundred years? Spread the word. Take part. We can still save.</div>yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-10185868584877502192011-07-07T05:04:00.000-07:002011-07-29T11:04:58.081-07:00More wildfire, more bad airFrom: <span class="name"><a href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/greenspace/2009/08/wildfire-smoke-air-pollution-carbon-particles.html" target="_blank">Bettina Boxall, LA Times</a></span> <br /><br /><div style="clear: both;"><div class="controls"><div id="related"><div class="header">RELATED ARTICLES</div><ul><li><a href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/37952">Current climate models 'ignoring brown carbon'</a></li><li><a href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/39454">Growing pollution leads to 'global dimming'- study</a></li><li><a href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/25351">Local sources major cause of US near-ground aerosol pollution</a></li><li><a href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/37751">Northern Wildfire Smoke May Cast Shadow on Arctic Warming</a></li></ul></div><img src="http://www.enn.com/image_for_articles/40327-1.jpg/medium" style="float: left;" /> </div>Harvard University scientists are predicting some forms of air pollution could increase significantly across the West as more of the region's wildlands burn as a result of rising temperatures.<br />Smoke from wildfires contains two main kinds of carbon particles: black soot, or elemental carbon, and lighter-colored particles, called organic carbon aerosols, which are a mix of chemicals.<br />"In large quantities, downwind of fires, organic carbon aerosols are hazardous," said senior research fellow Jennifer Logan, who led a study examining rising wildfire rates and the impact on <a class="kLink" href="http://www.enn.com/pollution/article/40327#" id="KonaLink1" style="position: static; text-decoration: underline ! important;" target="undefined"><span style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2333px;color:green;" ><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2333px;color:green;" >air </span><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2333px;color:green;" >quality</span></span></a>. "The particles irritate lung tissue and the chemicals they carry are toxic. But even at low concentrations, these aerosols may be dangerous. We don't know. There is no known threshold where damage begins."<br /><a href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/greenspace/2009/08/wildfire-smoke-air-pollution-carbon-particles.html">Article continues</a></div>yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-92064500796115953312011-07-05T05:04:00.000-07:002011-07-29T11:04:23.203-07:00Greenwash: easyJetcarbon claims written on the wind<div id="main-article-info"><div class="stand-first-alone" id="stand-first">EasyJet says its flights have a smaller carbon footprint than a Toyota Prius hybrid car. Let's do the maths…</div></div><div id="content"><ul class="article-attributes"><li class="byline"> <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/profile/fredpearce" name="&lid={contentTypeByline}{Fred Pearce}&lpos={contentTypeByline}{1}">Fred Pearce</a> </li><li class="publication"> <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/" name="&lid={contentTypeByline}{guardian.co.uk}&lpos={contentTypeByline}{2}">guardian.co.uk</a>, Thursday 23 July 2009 08.00 BST </li></ul><div id="article-wrapper"><div class="image"><img alt="easyjet" src="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2009/7/22/1248259068912/easyjet-001.jpg" height="276" width="460" /> <br /><div class="caption">EasyJet claims its flights have smaller carbon footprints than a Toyota Prius. Photograph: Philippe Hays/Rex Features</div></div>You probably weren't watching BBC3 at 4am on Monday morning. Not if you had a job to go to in the morning, anyhow. So you probably missed a nice little programme called <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b00lnd13/Mischief_Series_4_Britains_Embarrassing_Emissions/" title="Britain's Embarrassing Emissions">Britain's Embarrassing Emissions</a>.<br />It door-stepped the <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/video/2009/jan/14/george-monbiot-andy-harrison" title="budget airline Easyjet">budget airline easyJet</a> about claims on the company's website that it is greener than a hybrid car. Or, more particularly, that its emissions were less than those of a <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/feb/29/energyefficiency.greentech?gusrc=rss&feed=networkfront" title="Toyota Prius">Toyota Prius</a>. It's greenwash, of course. As, I discovered, are several of its other environmental claims.<br />The crux of the matter is the company's website, which highlights a graph showing that <a on="" one="" 7="" are="" based="" grams="" href="http://www.easyjet.com/EN/Environment/carbon_emissions_calculator.asp" kilometre="" per="" person="" title="its emissions ">its emissions "based on one person" are 95.7g/km</a>, whereas those for a Prius are 104g/km. As the programme pointed out, this is not comparing like with like. <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/easyjet">EasyJet</a> doesn't say so, but its "typical comparison" is very atypical. It assumes that the plane is full and its emissions are shared out among all the passengers, while the Prius is presumed to have only one occupant.<br />EasyJet may succeed in its aim of completely filling up every flight (though it is not true in my experience). But all British official stats on car emissions reckon on an average of 1.6 passengers in a car. Eastjet presumably didn't follow this convention, because it would show even a full easyJet flight emitting 47% more per passenger-kilometre than an averagely full Prius. And of course a full easyJet flight would emit close to for four times as much per passenger as a full Prius carrying four people.<br />In the programme, which I'm guessing was filmed recently, the hapless easyJet spokesman appeared to promise to try and get the website changed to reflect reality. Not so far, it hasn't. The greenwash persists. And if the claims are repeated in any of easyJet's advertising perhaps someone fancies contacting the <a href="http://www.asa.org.uk/asa/how_to_complain/" title="Advertising Standards Authority">Advertising Standards Authority</a>...<br />But the <a href="http://www.easyjet.com/en/news/response_to_air_transport_white_paper.html" title="environment pages">environment pages</a> of <a href="http://www.easyjet.com/EN/About/Information/infopack_environmentalpolicy.html" title="Easyjet's site contain other slippery claims">easyJet's site</a> contain <a href="https://www.easyjet.com/EN/environment/green_in_the_air.shtml" title="other slippery claims">other slippery claims</a>. They repeatedly proclaim that "aviation's carbon dioxide emissions... only account for 1.6% of global greenhouse gas emissions", citing as the source Lord Stern's famous review of the economics of <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/climate-change">climate change</a>. But the company ignores the next sentence in Stern's text, which says that "the impact of aviation on climate change is greater than these figures suggest because of other gases released by aircraft... for example water vapour". These emissions roughly double the effect, says Stern. So make that 3.2%.<br />Oddly enough, easyJet's seems seems not to trust its headline claims. Its own report on corporate and social responsibility <a href="http://www.easyjet.com/common/img/easyJet_CRS.pdf" title="quotes a figure of 3.5 per cent">quotes a figure of 3.5%</a> contained in a report from the <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/ipcc" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a> in 1999.<br />In any event, both Stern and the IPCC report are out of date. <a href="http://pdf.wri.org/navigating_numbers.pdf" title="Stern's data come from someone else's report in 2005">Stern's data come from someone else's report in 2005</a>, which in turn cites data for 2002. Since when global aircraft emissions have grown by about 40%. And IPCC scientists now quote a figure for <a href="http://www.mmu.ac.uk/news/news-items/news-detail.php?id=1066" title="aviation's contribution to global warming of almost 5 per cent">aviation's contribution to global warming of almost 5%</a>.<br />Whatever aviation's true contribution to global warming, it is not 1.6%.<br />What else does easyJet offer to reassure its growing number of passengers that it is green to fly? Naturally, since it doesn't fly to the US, the company flags up how flying to Europe is better. So it says in big letters: "<a href="http://www.easyjet.com/EN/Environment/carbon_emissions_calculator.asp" title="Flying from London to Nice produces 10 times fewer carbon dioxide emissions">Flying from London to Nice produces 10 times fewer CO2 emissions than flying London to Miami.</a>"<br />Leaving aside the ugly English, I am not sure this stands up. Since easyJet doesn't fly to Miami, we can't check the stat on its own carbon calculator. But <a href="http://www.jpmorganclimatecare.com/" title="a couple of others I went to, including Climate Care">a couple of others I went to, including Climate Care</a>, show the difference at a bit over eight times.<br />The comparison is misleading in a more important way, however. If I need to get to Miami, I have little choice other than to fly. Whereas if i need to get to Nice, I can catch a train. <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/jan/22/greenwash-train-travel" title="It might take a bit longer, but it will save on carbon">It might take a bit longer, but it will save on carbon</a>. Thanks to the nuclear power-running Eurostar and the French railways, my emissions would be, very roughly, one-tenth those of flying. With easyJet or anyone else.</div></div>yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-12711115757006551882011-07-04T05:04:00.000-07:002011-07-29T11:03:10.126-07:00Drax protesters found guilty of obstructing coal train<div id="article-header"><div id="main-article-info"><div class="stand-first-alone" id="stand-first">Climate change protesters face community service after judge rejects justification defence</div></div></div><div id="content"><ul class="article-attributes no-pic"><li class="byline"> <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/profile/martinwainwright" name="&lid={contentTypeByline}{Martin Wainwright}&lpos={contentTypeByline}{1}">Martin Wainwright</a> </li><li class="publication"> <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/" name="&lid={contentTypeByline}{guardian.co.uk}&lpos={contentTypeByline}{2}">guardian.co.uk</a>, Friday 3 July 2009 16.00 BST </li></ul><div id="article-wrapper"><span class="inline embed embed-media"> <script id="omnitureVideoData_1604920405" type="text/javascript"> function getOmnitureAccount_1604920405(){ return "guardiangu-environment,guardiangu-network,guardiandev2"; 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insertVideoObject(460, 370, "http://c.brightcove.com/services/viewer/federated_f9/26396137001?isVid=1&isUI=1&publisherID=281851582", flashVars) }) (); </script><object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,47,0" id="flashObj" height="370" width="460"> <param name="movie" value="http://c.brightcove.com/services/viewer/federated_f9/26396137001?isVid=1&isUI=1&publisherID=281851582"><param name="flashVars" value="playerID=26396137001&@videoPlayer=1604920405&domain=embed&adServerURL=http%3A%2F%2Fads.guardian.co.uk%2Fhtml.ng%2Fspacedesc%3Dvideo%26system%3Dvideo%26title%3D1604920405%26site%3DEnvironment%26url%3D%25252Fenvironment%25252Fvideo%25252F2008%25252Fjun%25252F13%25252Ftrain.coal.protest%26comfolder%3DEthicalLiving%26keywords%3DActivism%252B%2528Environment%2529%252CCarbon%252Bemissions%252B%2528Environment%2529%252CFossil%252Bfuels%252B%2528Environment%2529%252CEnvironment%252CCoal%252B%2528environment%2529%26bandwidth%3Dcable%26tile%3D4538184"><param name="base" value="http://admin.brightcove.com"><param name="seamlesstabbing" value="false"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="swLiveConnect" value="true"><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"><embed id="flashObj" src="http://c.brightcove.com/services/viewer/federated_f9/26396137001?isVid=1&isUI=1&publisherID=281851582" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" flashvars="playerID=26396137001&@videoPlayer=1604920405&domain=embed&adServerURL=http%3A%2F%2Fads.guardian.co.uk%2Fhtml.ng%2Fspacedesc%3Dvideo%26system%3Dvideo%26title%3D1604920405%26site%3DEnvironment%26url%3D%25252Fenvironment%25252Fvideo%25252F2008%25252Fjun%25252F13%25252Ftrain.coal.protest%26comfolder%3DEthicalLiving%26keywords%3DActivism%252B%2528Environment%2529%252CCarbon%252Bemissions%252B%2528Environment%2529%252CFossil%252Bfuels%252B%2528Environment%2529%252CEnvironment%252CCoal%252B%2528environment%2529%26bandwidth%3Dcable%26tile%3D4538184" base="http://admin.brightcove.com" name="flashObj" seamlesstabbing="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" swliveconnect="true" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/shockwave/download/index.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=ShockwaveFlash" height="370" width="460"></embed> </object> </div><span class="caption"> <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/video/2008/jun/13/train.coal.protest" name="&lid={inBodyVideo}{Link to this video}&lpos={inBodyVideo}{1}"></a> </span> </span><br /><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/climate-change">Climate change</a> protesters who <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/jun/13/activists.climatechange" title="ambushed and hijacked a power station coal train">ambushed and hijacked a power station coal train</a> failed to convince a jury today that their actions were justified by the "imminent threat" of devastation from global warming.<br />The 22 men and women, including a senior university lecturer, teachers and film-makers, were convicted - after less than two hours of deliberation - of obstructing the service carrying 42,000 tonnes of <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/coal">coal</a> to <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/draxgroup">Drax</a> in North Yorkshire last June.<br />Their hopes of repeating the <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/sep/11/activists.kingsnorthclimatecamp" title="'Kingsnorth Six' judgment last September">"Kingsnorth Six" judgment last September</a>, when <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/video/2009/may/31/nick-broomfield-kingsnorth" title="activists who daubed a power station chimney">activists who defaced a power station chimney</a> were <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/gallery/2009/may/31/kingsnorth-climate-change?picture=348147042" title="acquitted by a Kent jury">acquitted by a Kent jury</a>, were dashed by a judge, who refused to admit arguments that the hijack was "<a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/sep/12/activists.kingsnorth" title="necessary and proportionate to prevent the greater crime of carbon pollution">necessary and proportionate to prevent the greater crime of carbon pollution</a>".<br />Although he eventually allowed an unexpectedly large amount of evidence about climate change to be heard, Judge James Spencer refused to let expert witnesses such as Nasa scientist, Prof James Hansen, address the seven women and five men on the jury at Leeds crown court. In a pre-trial ruling he said that to do so would allow the <a as="" coal="" hijack="" hijacked="" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/jul/01/drax-protesters-climate-change-jury" process="" surely="" the="" they="" title="protesters " to="" train="" trial="">protesters "to hijack the trial process as surely as they hijacked the coal train</a>".<br />He did however compliment the group, who conducted their own defence, on making an <a and="" case="" court="" engaging="" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/jul/02/drax-protester-trial-jury-retires" moving="" the="" title="" to="">"eloquent, sincere, moving and engaging" case to the court</a>. After the verdicts, he said that sentencing in early September would definitely not include jail terms, but was likely to be community service.<br />The 22, plus a further five protesters who earlier pleaded guilty and two who are ill but expected to submit guilty pleas in due course, will however face hefty financial penalties. The crown is applying for both its costs and £36,000 compensation for cleaning up coal shovelled on to the tracks during a 16-hour standoff with police.<br />After the verdict, one of the 22, Dr Louise Hemmerman, 31, said: "The judge declared from day one that climate change was irrelevant to the trial, despite the fact <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/jun/30/drax-train-trial-protest" title="that it was the sole reason for doing what we did">that it was the sole reason for doing what we did</a>."<br />Another of the group, Jonathan Stevenson, 27, who works for a development charity, said: "This won't be the last case where climate protesters are in court for taking peaceful direct action, and while <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/jul/02/drax-protesters-defence-sum-up" title="some judges may think climate change is irrelevant, they won't be able to hold back the tide forever">some judges may think climate change is irrelevant, they won't be able to hold back the tide forever</a>."<br />Stevenson asked the judge after the verdicts if an order banning the defendants from power stations would apply more widely, to include roads. Judge Spencer replied with a smile: "I would steer clear of demonstrations, all of you, until this case is completely over. Try to find some other activities to do on your holidays."<br />Hansen, head of <a href="http://www.giss.nasa.gov/" title="Nasa's Goddard Institute for Space Studies">Nasa's Goddard Institute for Space Studies</a>, whom the defendants had intended to call to the stand to speak about the science of climate change, said: "Civil resistance is not an easy path, but given abdication of responsibility by the government, it is an essential path."<br /><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/jun/24/james-hansen-daryl-hannah-mining-protest" title="Hansen was arrested last week">Hansen was arrested last week</a> for his part in a <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/protest">protest</a> over mountaintop coalmining in West Virginia. He has previously said that <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/jun/24/james-hansen-daryl-hannah-mining-protest" title="direct action is necessary">direct action is necessary</a> because the democratic process is not bringing about policy change fast enough.<br />The chief crown prosecutor for North Yorkshire, Rob Turnbull, said: "While the CPS [crown prosecution service] respects the rights of individuals to lawfully protest, it takes a serious view of criminal activity which targets those carrying out lawful activities." He defended Judge Spencer's pre-trial ruling on the grounds that no one was in such immediate danger from global warning that hijacking a coal train was "proportionate".<br />"The judge said that if the power station contributed to global warming, and all that entailed, it was for the government to attend to and not the protesters. He also said that no reasonable jury could conclude that the crime these defendants allegedly committed was either reasonable or proportionate when there were democratic processes available in this country for political change."<br />The 22 were acquitted of actually stopping the train, after evidence that no one knew which of them had donned fake railwaymen's uniforms and used red flags to bring it to a halt. The <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/jul/03/drax-protest-coal-trial" title="ambush stopped the train right on a bridge over the river Aire">ambush stopped the train right on a bridge over the river Aire</a>, whose girders gave protesters the means to clamber up and use 15 shovels to start unloading coal.<br />Passenger and freight services in the area were disrupted for two days, but Drax generated power normally throughout.<br />Those convicted were: Theo Bard, 24, Amy Clancy, 24, Brian Farelly, 32, Grainne Gannon, 26, Bryn Hoskins, 24, Jasmin Karalis, 25, Ellen Potts, 33, Bertie Russell, 24, Alison Stratford,26, Jonathan Stevenson, 27 and Felix Wight, all of London, Melanie Evans,25, Matthew Fawcette, 34, Robin Gillett, 23, Kristina Jones 22, Oliver Rodker, 40 and Thomas Spencer,23, all of Manchester, Paul Chatterton, 36, and Louise Hemmerman, 31, of Leeds, Melanie Evans, 25, of Stockport, Paul Morozzo, 42, of Hebden Bridge, Christopher Ward, 38, of Newport Pagnell and Elizabeth Whelan of Glasgow.<br />The five who pleaded guilty earlier were: Theo Brown, 22 and Clemmie James, 24, of London, Malcolm Carroll, 53, of Stafford, Thomas Johnstone, 25, of Liverpool and Paul Mellett, 29, of Colerne, Wiltshire. The two have indicated they will plead guilty when well are Caroline Williams, 25, of London and Sam Martingell, 24, of Leeds.</div></div>yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-62868478305119005372011-07-03T10:30:00.000-07:002011-07-29T11:36:22.637-07:00Sea Ice At Lowest Level In 800 Years Near Greenland<div style="clear: both;"> <div style="clear: both;"> <div class="controls"> <div id="related"> <div class="header">RELATED ARTICLES</div> <ul><li><a href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/39882">Survey Of Ocean Climate May Improve Climate Predictions</a></li><li><a href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/38066">Global warming greatest in past decade</a></li><li><a href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/39575">Ice-free Arctic Ocean Possible In 30 Years, Not 90 As Previously Estimated</a></li><li><a href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/27715">The Two-Mile Time Machine: Ice Cores, Abrupt Climate Change, and Our Future</a></li></ul> </div> <img style="float: left;" src="http://www.enn.com/image_for_articles/40153-1.jpg/medium" /> </div> <p>New research, which reconstructs the extent of ice in the sea between Greenland and Svalbard from the 13th century to the present indicates that there has never been so little sea ice as there is now. The research results from the Niels Bohr Institute, among others, are published in the <a id="KonaLink0" target="undefined" class="kLink" style="text-decoration: underline ! important; position: static;" href="http://www.enn.com/ecosystems/article/40153#"><span style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" ><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" >scientific </span><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" >journal</span></span></a>, Climate Dynamics.There are of course neither <a id="KonaLink1" target="undefined" class="kLink" style="text-decoration: underline ! important; position: static;" href="http://www.enn.com/ecosystems/article/40153#"><span style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" ><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" >satellite </span><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" >images</span></span></a> nor instrumental records of the climate all the way back to the 13th century, but nature has its own 'archive' of the climate in both ice cores and the annual growth rings of trees and we humans have made records of a great many things over the years - such as observations in the log books of ships and in harbour records. Piece all of the information together and you get a picture of how much sea ice there has been throughout time.</p><p><strong></strong></p><p>"We have combined information about the climate found in ice cores from an <a id="KonaLink2" target="undefined" class="kLink" style="text-decoration: underline ! important; position: static;" href="http://www.enn.com/ecosystems/article/40153#"><span style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" ><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" >ice </span><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" >cap</span></span></a> on Svalbard and from the annual growth rings of trees in Finland and this gave us a curve of the past climate" explains Aslak Grinsted, geophysicist with the Centre for Ice and Climate at the Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen.</p><p>In order to determine how much sea ice there has been, the researchers needed to turn to data from the logbooks of ships, which whalers and fisherman kept of their expeditions to the boundary of the sea ice. The ship logbooks are very precise and go all the way back to the 16th century. They relate at which geographical position the ice was found. Another source of information about the ice are records from harbours in Iceland, where the severity of the <a id="KonaLink3" target="undefined" class="kLink" style="text-decoration: underline ! important; position: static;" href="http://www.enn.com/ecosystems/article/40153#"><span style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" ><span class="kLink" style="border-bottom: 1px solid green; color: green ! important; font-weight: 400; position: static; padding-bottom: 1px;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:transparent;" >winters</span></span><span style="position: relative;" id="preLoadWrap3"><div style="position: absolute; z-index: 4000; top: -32px; left: -18px; display: none;" id="preLoadLayer3"><img style="border: 0px none;" src="http://kona.kontera.com/javascript/lib/imgs/grey_loader.gif" /></div></span></a> have been recorded since the end of the 18th century.</p><p>Article continues: <a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/07/090701102900.htm">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/07/090701102900.htm</a></p> </div> <!-- sharethis Button BEGIN --> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://w.sharethis.com/widget/?tabs=web%2Cpost%2Cemail&charset=utf-8&style=default&publisher=cb928748-4a06-4a28-a5d6-78457d60fff0&headerbg=%234762b3&inactivebg=%23f8fcd9&linkfg=%23000000"></script><span id="sharethis_1"><a st_page="home" href="javascript:void(0)" title="ShareThis via email, AIM, social bookmarking and networking sites, etc." class="stbutton stico_default"><span st_page="home" class="stbuttontext">ShareThis</span></a></span></div>yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-70379519260485010162011-07-03T10:27:00.000-07:002011-07-29T10:40:33.282-07:00toxic gases wedus trash<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8PBXvOdPkIDaPZWHu0BpkPGjNE8phifgwhEQe-BVXbvt7umr0poy2avAqtDn5OxrMq-8J_v0kFZiuKNeBh58XKbUkJ91ZSBDGepLPSdcoCgwTbTN8CDxbH9kK5_4xcxkbpmV7VkAUBWbK/s1600/toxic+gases+wedus+trash1.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 284px; height: 177px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8PBXvOdPkIDaPZWHu0BpkPGjNE8phifgwhEQe-BVXbvt7umr0poy2avAqtDn5OxrMq-8J_v0kFZiuKNeBh58XKbUkJ91ZSBDGepLPSdcoCgwTbTN8CDxbH9kK5_4xcxkbpmV7VkAUBWbK/s320/toxic+gases+wedus+trash1.jpg" alt="toxic gases wedus trash" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5634830363899931330" border="0" /></a>Clouds Glow: the eruption that flows like clouds clouds rolled Glow is a suspension of fine material that is exhaled by a volcano and is a dense mixture of gas vapor and fine material before, with a temperature greater than 600 ° C. At Mount Merapi, Central Java incandescent cloud is also called "wedus trash" happens because the release of gases and fine material thrown from a burning dome avalanches (Merapi Type). This hot cloud reaches a distance of up to 10 miles from the center of avalanches. Cloud heat can cause burns on the body that opens like a head, arm, neck or leg and can also cause shortness of breath.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikfGJnctyRNbUO6Vv5KaxvHtjaTg1KfH5DueBTyo2UQoN4x_v6FEAXZmpZnN-D0v640mGd0fd1Kx9H-kXkMvhoiujc-xh9KBwuSwyBTuYrDzn05ICq-a_ead1zdlSTZI9TaNAoGJ72Fjuy/s1600/toxic+gases+wedus+trash.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 231px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikfGJnctyRNbUO6Vv5KaxvHtjaTg1KfH5DueBTyo2UQoN4x_v6FEAXZmpZnN-D0v640mGd0fd1Kx9H-kXkMvhoiujc-xh9KBwuSwyBTuYrDzn05ICq-a_ead1zdlSTZI9TaNAoGJ72Fjuy/s320/toxic+gases+wedus+trash.jpg" alt="toxic gases wedus trash" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5634830360776836834" border="0" /></a><br /><br />Volcano ash and poisonous gas: Ash is the most delicate material thrown from a volcanic eruption. In general, the temperature is not hot anymore. Levels of the gas that comes out too high of a volcanic eruption may also cause death. These include Carbon monoxide gas (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), sulfur dioxide (S02) and Nitrogen (NO2). Since it is very smooth, ash eruptions and wind can be felt hundreds of miles away.yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-46180545898793207622011-07-02T10:16:00.000-07:002011-07-29T11:37:33.088-07:00NASA Satellite Detects Red Glow to Map Global Ocean Plant HealthFrom: <span class="name">Editor, ENN</span> <br />Published <span class="date">June 1, 2009 10:28 AM</span> <div style="clear: both;"> <div class="controls"> <div id="related"> <div class="header">RELATED ARTICLES</div> <ul><li><a href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/5600">Crucial Marine Food Chain Link Withers</a></li><li><a href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/26277">Global Warming Warrior</a></li><li><a href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/39519">Hungry shrimp eat climate change experiment </a></li><li><a href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/27482">Saharan Dust Has Chilling Effect on North Atlantic</a></li></ul> </div> <img style="float: left;" src="http://www.enn.com/image_for_articles/40004-1.jpg/medium" /> </div> <p>A study published by NASA uses satellite remote sensing technology to measure the amount of fluorescent red light emitted by ocean phytoplankton and assess how efficiently the <a id="KonaLink1" target="undefined" class="kLink" style="text-decoration: underline ! important; position: static;" href="http://www.enn.com/ecosystems/article/40004#"><span style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" ><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" >microscopic</span></span></a> plants are turning sunlight and nutrients into food through <a id="KonaLink2" target="undefined" class="kLink" style="text-decoration: underline ! important; position: static;" href="http://www.enn.com/ecosystems/article/40004#"><span style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" ><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" >photosynthesis</span></span></a>. They can also study how changes in the global <a id="KonaLink3" target="undefined" class="kLink" style="text-decoration: underline ! important; position: static;" href="http://www.enn.com/ecosystems/article/40004#"><span style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" ><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" >environment</span></span></a> alter these processes, which are at the center of the ocean <a id="KonaLink4" target="undefined" class="kLink" style="text-decoration: underline ! important; position: static;" href="http://www.enn.com/ecosystems/article/40004#"><span style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" ><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" >food </span><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" >web</span></span></a>.</p><p>Researchers have conducted the first global analysis of the health and productivity of ocean plants, as revealed by a unique signal detected by a NASA satellite. Ocean scientists can now remotely measure the amount of fluorescent red light emitted by ocean phytoplankton and assess how efficiently the microscopic plants are turning sunlight and nutrients into food through photosynthesis. They can also study how changes in the global environment alter these processes, which are at the center of the ocean food web.</p><p>"This is the first direct measurement of the health of the phytoplankton in the ocean," said Michael Behrenfeld, a biologist who specializes in marine plants at the Oregon State University in Corvallis, Ore. "We have an important new tool for observing changes in phytoplankton every week, all over the planet."</p><p>The findings were published this month in the journal Biogeosciences and presented at a news briefing on May 28.</p><p>The fluorescence data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) gives scientists a tool that enables research to reveal where waters are iron-enriched or iron-limited, and to observe how changes in iron influence plankton. The iron needed for plant growth reaches the sea surface on winds blowing dust from deserts and other arid areas, and from upwelling currents near river plumes and islands.</p><p>The new analysis of MODIS data has allowed the research team to detect new regions of the ocean affected by iron deposition and depletion. The Indian Ocean was a particular surprise, as large portions of the ocean were seen to "light up" seasonally with changes in monsoon winds.</p><p><a id="KonaLink5" target="undefined" class="kLink" style="text-decoration: underline ! important; position: static;" href="http://www.enn.com/ecosystems/article/40004#"><span style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" ><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" >Climate </span><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2px;color:#000000;" >change</span></span></a> could mean stronger winds pick up more dust and blow it to sea, or less intense winds leaving waters dust-free. Some regions will become drier and others wetter, changing the regions where dusty soils accumulate and get swept up into the air. Phytoplankton will reflect and react to these global changes.</p><p>The image shows a data-based map of the "fluorescence yield" of phytoplankton in the oceans during 2004. "Fluorescence yield" is the fraction of absorbed sunlight that is given off by the plants as fluorescence and it changes with the health or stress of the phytoplankton. More fluorescence is emitted when waters are low in key nutrients such as iron. Credit: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio.</p><p>Interestingly, the regions of highest fluorescence yield are almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. The interactions of Southern Hemisphere and Northern Hemisphere oceanic and atmospheric circulations will be important factors in understanding the significance of these new findings.</p><p>For more information: <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/modis_fluorescence.html"> http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/modis_fluorescence.html</a></p> </div>yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-4995281942920699132011-07-02T10:14:00.000-07:002011-07-29T10:27:28.938-07:00Lapindo Mudflow Tragedy<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgarOcXMdhwrywCbcoHtT34TVXUsg1VG0FIZicUr72AcTIEAKpFoQBKWOx6oF5QtCpRwIihn0v-tbXOyBtH7AEOXAn7-skqv0l30BjSB59RrIYJu0zSAf4AL86ogPnGOB7-_t1rJ0voZfN6/s1600/Lapindo+Mudflow+Tragedy.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 214px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgarOcXMdhwrywCbcoHtT34TVXUsg1VG0FIZicUr72AcTIEAKpFoQBKWOx6oF5QtCpRwIihn0v-tbXOyBtH7AEOXAn7-skqv0l30BjSB59RrIYJu0zSAf4AL86ogPnGOB7-_t1rJ0voZfN6/s320/Lapindo+Mudflow+Tragedy.jpg" alt="Lapindo Mudflow Tragedy" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5634826439677657298" border="0" /></a>Lapindo mudflow tragedy, they called on President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and dismantle the mastermind behind the tragedy of humanity not to forget the events that claimed the right of thousands of citizens were Porong Sidoarjo.<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrESWj3oB0YHE59p9xwu8FTNfXaFBsMbZs6GfpP6Dn8OgUles1MlTpyKoQ1_mSs7bRYjnhvBMzmYujwZ318Tbb-NBWO-jG9hf0Knpsz1oGsKF7e7UL2avbqS-CmKA-4VN24Zuf1aCJSwMY/s1600/Lapindo+Mudflow+Tragedy1.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 213px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrESWj3oB0YHE59p9xwu8FTNfXaFBsMbZs6GfpP6Dn8OgUles1MlTpyKoQ1_mSs7bRYjnhvBMzmYujwZ318Tbb-NBWO-jG9hf0Knpsz1oGsKF7e7UL2avbqS-CmKA-4VN24Zuf1aCJSwMY/s320/Lapindo+Mudflow+Tragedy1.jpg" alt="Lapindo Mudflow Tragedy1" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5634826436104626530" border="0" /></a>Lapindo mudflow has been five years since May 29, 2006, but the story of the suffering of victims of the mud had not yet expired.yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-3571900943235135502011-07-02T06:37:00.000-07:002011-07-29T11:25:31.271-07:00Schwarzenegger to Obama cabinet WaterFrom: <span class="name"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSTRE5817FK20090902?feedType=RSS&feedName=environmentNews">Peter Henderson, Reuters</a></span> <br /><span class="date"></span> <h1>Schwarzenegger to Obama cabinet: Water... please!</h1><div style="clear: both;"><div class="controls"><img style="float: left;" src="http://www.enn.com/image_for_articles/40437-1.jpg/medium" /> </div> <p>SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) - California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger has demanded that President Barack Obama's cabinet rethink federal policy that would divert water from parched farms and cities to threatened fish, his administration said on Wednesday.</p><p>California's rivers used to brim with salmon and sturgeon, but a massive system of canals diverted water that fed farms and cities, now suffering through a third year of drought.</p><p>Schwarzenegger has gained credibility as an environmentalist for his push to curb greenhouse gases but he argued that federal plans to save fish will worsen a water crisis that has cost <a id="KonaLink0" target="undefined" class="kLink" style="text-decoration: underline ! important; position: static;" href="http://www.enn.com/ecosystems/article/40437#"><span style="font-weight: 400; position: static; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2333px;" ><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2333px;" >farmers</span></span></a> more than $700 million and caused mandatory rationing in cities of the most populous state.</p><p><a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSTRE5817FK20090902?feedType=RSS&feedName=environmentNews">Article continues</a></p> </div>yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-31031317408253526412011-07-01T13:02:00.000-07:002011-07-29T11:48:24.691-07:00Flying frogs and the world oldest mushroom a decade of Himalayan discoveryFrom: <span class="name"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/aug/10/himalayas-new-species">Felicity Carus, The Guardian UK</a></span> <br /><br /><div style="clear: both;"> <div class="controls"> <div id="related"> <div class="header">RELATED ARTICLES</div> <ul><li><a href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/39854">Some Himalayan Glaciers Growing Despite Warming</a><br /><i>May 6, 2009 07:25 AM</i></li><li><a href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/6919">Package Pilgrims Destroying the Himalayas</a><br /><i>July 12, 2007 12:00 AM</i></li><li><a href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/38627">Himalayan glaciers may disappear by 2035</a><br /><i>November 11, 2008 09:37 AM</i></li><li><a href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/37182">Rare rhino numbers in Nepal fall due to poachers</a><br /><i>June 1, 2008 09:59 AM</i></li></ul> </div> <img style="float: left;" src="http://www.enn.com/image_for_articles/40336-1.jpg/medium" /> </div> <p>A pretty ultramarine blue flower which changes colour in response to temperature, a flying frog and the world's oldest mushroom preserved in amber are among the 350 new species discovered in the Eastern Himalayas over the past 10 years. But experts warn the new discoveries are under pressure from demand for land and <a id="KonaLink0" target="undefined" class="kLink" style="text-decoration: underline ! important; position: static;" href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/spotlight/40336#"><span style="font-weight: 400; position: static; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2333px;" ><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2333px;" >climate </span><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2333px;" >change</span></span></a>.</p><p>A report published today by the WWF, The Eastern Himalayas — Where Worlds Collide, lists 242 new types of plants, 16 amphibians, 16 <a id="KonaLink1" target="undefined" class="kLink" style="text-decoration: underline ! important; position: static;" href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/spotlight/40336#"><span style="font-weight: 400; position: static; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2333px;" ><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2333px;" >reptiles</span></span></a>, 14 fish, two birds and two mammals and 61 new invertebrates. The cache, quality and diversity of species newly discovered between 1998 and 2008 make the mountainous region one of the world's most important biological hotspots.</p><p>The WWF is asking the governments of Bhutan, India and Nepal to commit to cooperate on <a id="KonaLink2" target="undefined" class="kLink" style="text-decoration: underline ! important; position: static;" href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/spotlight/40336#"><span style="font-weight: 400; position: static; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2333px;" ><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2333px;" >conservation</span></span></a> efforts in the geographic region that transcends the borders of the three countries to protect the landscape and the livelihoods of people living in the Eastern Himalayas.</p><p>Population growth, deforestation, overgrazing, poaching, the <a id="KonaLink3" target="undefined" class="kLink" style="text-decoration: underline ! important; position: static;" href="http://www.enn.com/top_stories/spotlight/40336#"><span style="font-weight: 400; position: static; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2333px;" ><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; position: static; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.2333px;" >wildlife</span></span></a> trade, mining, pollution, and hydropower development have all contributed to the pressures on the fragile ecosystems in the region, the report says. Only 25% of the original habitats in the region remain intact and 163 species that live in the Eastern Himalayas are considered globally threatened.</p><p><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/aug/10/himalayas-new-species">Article continues</a></p> </div>yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-164430115834693092011-07-01T10:09:00.000-07:002011-07-29T10:14:28.477-07:00Geothermal EnergyPT Pertamina Geothermal Energy to expand work on the electricity market for the mining industry following a company's obligation in that area to build processing plants that generally require 100 MW-200 MW electricity.<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvAB4jcH9J1tNvJ2qvBnF5-qPq7ixUXax-XTECH_p7HrxzGQXaMmlnAYlnhceR5OKmhPdXoKkb5BAhMPtn-Z7vRDYnifVAPbDWh9SE1sHkqXWCvkaFLYwQaayy7yqBbkw6r20VckEmmiwu/s1600/Geothermal+Energy.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvAB4jcH9J1tNvJ2qvBnF5-qPq7ixUXax-XTECH_p7HrxzGQXaMmlnAYlnhceR5OKmhPdXoKkb5BAhMPtn-Z7vRDYnifVAPbDWh9SE1sHkqXWCvkaFLYwQaayy7yqBbkw6r20VckEmmiwu/s320/Geothermal+Energy.jpg" alt="Geothermal Energy" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5634823190688804498" border="0" /></a>PGE CEO Poernomo said that under Presidential Decree No.45/1991 is allowed to sell products Pertamina geothermal to other parties outside the state electricity company PT. PGE, he said, could use the decree to sell geothermal energy to others in point to point without going through PLN's transmission and distribution networks.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC0HCldR98w9-1QPOUipKG-pnlcG6NRcPZvLu0V6ZUB-08TXCOsukZ4jGW3sZNvkWmbqR__G416c3RFYpr8wTJX9K6TgRph8FsdzqxVAi52oKlKQWnLXxwoemLiILyf9iDAlUG85RfHeSl/s1600/geothermal.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 293px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC0HCldR98w9-1QPOUipKG-pnlcG6NRcPZvLu0V6ZUB-08TXCOsukZ4jGW3sZNvkWmbqR__G416c3RFYpr8wTJX9K6TgRph8FsdzqxVAi52oKlKQWnLXxwoemLiILyf9iDAlUG85RfHeSl/s320/geothermal.jpg" alt="Geothermal" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5634823187380830226" border="0" /></a>According to him, the expansion can be directed to specific industries because it is still a gap distance between the location of geothermal development and industry. Mining, he said, is still the only industry that is suitable for geothermal electricity consumption.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-OFzXk-nqoHt59Rhw-PDwJo4bAErqXbjw8Qnb8Ucu6gMEnEMAEIg9G9-TiSOjf_W8DwW1rIpTEpfiSmgSfPBCU1byYNFI-125-yJL5MhiXZ67OYRvtnnpoNYg7uREaDIILuQOQE4oZvGI/s1600/Geothermal+Energy1.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 211px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-OFzXk-nqoHt59Rhw-PDwJo4bAErqXbjw8Qnb8Ucu6gMEnEMAEIg9G9-TiSOjf_W8DwW1rIpTEpfiSmgSfPBCU1byYNFI-125-yJL5MhiXZ67OYRvtnnpoNYg7uREaDIILuQOQE4oZvGI/s320/Geothermal+Energy1.jpg" alt="Geothermal Energy1" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5634823187639261362" border="0" /></a>"It's mining industry needs a large-scale electricity, can be 100 MW-200 MW. During this time, in addition to getting electricity from PLN their own wake. But if for example we could capture that opportunity why not? "He said today.<br /><br />He explained that PGE has compiled a road map of long-term business development company, one of which mentions the expansion plan. However, he refused to reveal which companies have already expressed interest or have been targeted by PGE to the electric consumers.<br /><br />"[Expansion plans] It exists, but is linked to corporate strategy and we can not disclose at this time. If it is realized we will build geothermal power plants from upstream to downstream, as already exist in Kamojang IV, then Ulubelu, and Lumut Balai, "he said.<br /><br />Electricity demand for the mining industry will increase with the implementation of Law No.4/2010 on Minerals and Coal which requires investors to build processing plants in the country. One unit of Feni III nickel processing plant owned by PT Aneka Tambang Tbk, for example, requires electricity with a capacity of 102 MW.<br /><br />Related prices, he said, PGE can implement tariff schemes in business to business (b to b). He pointed out if the price of electricity from PGE to PLN set the highest of U.S. $ 0.097 per kWh, the company can sell to industrial consumers of U.S. $ 0.11 per kWh.<br /><br />"If you sell to PLN's no element of subsidy and is not possible also we sell at high prices because it is connected to the state budget. However, for industrial consumers hope we can get off the electricity price of U.S. $ 0.11-US $ 0.12 per kWh, "he said.<br /><br />However, Abadi said the expansion plans will not reduce the company's commitment to supply electricity to PLN. Currently, he said, efforts are still focused on PGE electricity needs, including through a 10,000 MW Phase II program.<br /><br />"Opportunity should continue to be created and worked well because as a business entity, we must also look for profit. But, for now we are going to focus first overcome Shortage electricity, "he said.<br /><br />Recently, Abadi said the company is committed to explore 33 new geothermal wells at an estimated investment of U.S. $ 250 million. That number increased almost two fold compared to the realization last year reached U.S. $ 130 million with 23 exploration wells.yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-39923172221593825982011-06-25T10:17:00.000-07:002011-07-29T11:37:14.231-07:00UK carbon offset schemes failing to reduce emissions<div id="article-header"> <div id="main-article-info"> <p id="stand-first" class="stand-first-alone">Expansion of carbon offsetting and clean development mechanism is locking developing nations into a high-carbon path, report warns</p> </div> </div> <div id="content"> <ul class="article-attributes no-pic"><li class="byline"> <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/profile/johnvidal" name="&lid={contentTypeByline}{John Vidal}&lpos={contentTypeByline}{1}">John Vidal</a>, environment editor </li><li class="publication"> <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/" name="&lid={contentTypeByline}{guardian.co.uk}&lpos={contentTypeByline}{2}">guardian.co.uk</a>, Tuesday 2 June 2009 17.59 BST </li></ul> <div id="article-wrapper"> <p>Britain is the world centre of a multibillion dollar "carbon offset" industry which is failing to lower global greenhouse gas emissions, <a href="http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/briefing_notes/dangerous_distraction.pdf" title="a major report from Friends of the Earth">a major report from Friends of the Earth</a> claimed today.</p><p>The authors urged governments meeting this week in <a href="http://unfccc.int/meetings/sb30/items/4842.php" title="Bonn for UN climate change talks">Bonn for UN climate change talks</a> to drop plans to expand offsetting schemes, which allow rich countries to invest in projects that reduce emissions in poor countries as an alternative to more expensive emission reductions in their own countries.</p><p>Offsetting is set to expand enormously if the 192 governments meeting in Bonn allow forests, nuclear power and other sources of "clean energy" to count towards emissions reductions as part of a <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/copenhagen" title="UN climate treaty expected to be agreed in Copenhagen">UN climate treaty expected to be agreed in Copenhagen</a> this December..</p><p>The problem, said the report, is that offset schemes are delivering much lower greenhouse gas cuts than the science says are needed to avoid catstrophic <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/climate-change">climate change</a>. Offsetting supports the idea that the cuts can be made in either rich or in poor countries " ... when it is clear that action is needed in both," said the report. "Offsets are a dangerous distraction ... It is almost impossible to prove that offsetting projects would not have happened without the offset finance. Nor is it possible to calculate accurately how much carbon a project is saving," it added.</p><p>Offsetting has been promoted heavily by the UK government in Europe and the UN as a painless way of reducing global emissions. The idea has mushroomed in the last five years with the rapid growth of the UN's clean development mechanism (CDM) which attracts investment money to poorer countries in new projects. These are expected to deliver more than half of the EU's planned carbon reductions to 2020.</p><p>"The clean development mechanism is supposed to be a way of making the same level of carbon cuts as would otherwise happen, but more cost effectively. At best it shifts a cut in a developed country to one in a developing one. In practice, it does not even do this," said <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/dec/12/climate-change-poznan" title="Andy Atkins">Andy Atkins</a>, executive director of Friends of the Earth UK.</p><p>Moreover, said the report, the CDM is locking in poor countries to a high-carbon path, with some big CDM projects approved for even major fossil fuel power stations. "A large part of CDM revenues are subsidising carbon intensive industries or projects building fossil fuel power stations."</p><p>Two previous analyses of the CDM <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/may/26/climatechange.greenpolitics" title="suggested that companies routinely abuse the UN-backed offsetting scheme">suggested that companies routinely abuse the UN-backed offsetting scheme</a>, wasting billions of pounds.</p><p>The UK government has already used offsetting as a way to justify high carbon investments in major projects like the <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2009/jan/15/bbaaviation-theairlineindustry" title="expansion of Heathrow">expansion of Heathrow</a>, it said. "Offsetting makes it far more likely that developed countries will continue on a high-carbon path, choosing to buy cheap permits rather than invest in low-carbon infrastructure," said the report's authors.</p><p>Nearly 30% of the world's 2,500 CDM projects originate in London, although not all the projects offset UK emissions.</p> </div> </div>yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-8422218700988711922011-06-25T05:16:00.000-07:002011-07-29T11:13:32.748-07:00Ward Churchill on the Liquidation of Natives in the Americas<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5WOkyWL5k8-lKXjeuJjgFwi3X8BlOl0UBZ9VyxRLpEeJiyedE_WwTxNbJGVKdEAe9NUgjDuJBjxnFPN1SbEmV2z1sYiyiKVSJ2dNytjeMMvrFOAoeTLbJGfeb9bqYhynNiq5xZxnWnq_R/s1600/ca_NorthAmIndians.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5WOkyWL5k8-lKXjeuJjgFwi3X8BlOl0UBZ9VyxRLpEeJiyedE_WwTxNbJGVKdEAe9NUgjDuJBjxnFPN1SbEmV2z1sYiyiKVSJ2dNytjeMMvrFOAoeTLbJGfeb9bqYhynNiq5xZxnWnq_R/s320/ca_NorthAmIndians.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">I have recently read a book written by Ward Churchill titled ‘a little matter of Genocide’ in which he fairly decently documents the liquidation of the Indians in the </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Americas</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">. His book answers a lot of questions.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">I had long since reached the conclusion that the Indian population in </span><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">North America</span></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> could easily have reached 100,000,000 based on the apparent level of their agricultural technology. Ward Churchill comes up with a similar number, from a different direction although I do not think he quite believes it either.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">So we have a couple of question. One is obvious. If not, why not? Part of the answer may be an incomplete distribution of the technology, particularly that of the Amazonian Terra Preta. We could use that technology today to pack all six billion of us into the Amazon today. The real answer was a lack of broader political structures which also stifled Africa and </span><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Eurasia</span></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> for that matter.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The only problem is that argument cuts the population back quite a bit but we are or should be facing tens of millions and hundreds of thousands all over the place. Early reports say exactly that.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The second question is simply how we got rid of them. Now the answer becomes too easy. You simply force the settled populations out of their lands and into the woods were only a handful could actually survive.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">A raiding party goes into a tribe’s land, cut down the opposing warriors; capture a few for the slave ships, while most of the population disappears into the woods. You then burn out all the storage and housing and destroy the crops. Then you go home. Next spring you come in with settlers to grab the land and chase off any survivors.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">This was genocide as practiced sooner or later in </span><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">North America</span></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> and under the Spaniards and Portuguese. It was intended and well understood. Disease vectors occurred also and sped ahead of the outright clearing of the population. It just was not as sure as clearing. This all happened one step ahead of any actual mitigating power such as the church or army and like the Nazis, it was handled by specialists.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The present Indian population is now recovering both in numbers and somewhat in terms of their culture. They are certainly recovering in terms of morale and will be in time proud members of the global civilization that is slowly emerging.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">One does not have to forgive George Washington in order to be proud of one’s country.</span><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style="">Crimes Against Humanity ©<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></b><i style=""><span style="">by Ward Churchill <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span><a href="http://www.dickshovel.com/crimes.html">http://www.dickshovel.com/crimes.html</a><o:p></o:p></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:blue;">NOTE:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br />This article was originally written as an official paper of the Autonomous Confederation - American Indian Movement. It was passed along to me by AIM <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">Colorado</st1:place></st1:state>...a member of the Autonomous Confederation.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><i style=""><span style=""> <hr style="width: 18.75pt;" align="center" size="2" width="25"> </span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">During the past couple of seasons, there has been an increasing wave of controversy regarding the names of professional sports teams like the <st1:city st="on">Atlanta</st1:city> "Braves," Cleveland "Indians," Washington "Redskins," and <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Kansas City</st1:place></st1:city> "Chiefs." The issue extends to the names of college teams like <st1:placename st="on">Florida</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">State</st1:placetype> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype> "seminoles," <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Illinois</st1:placename> "Fighting Illini," and so on, right on down to high school outfits like the Lamar (<st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">Colorado</st1:place></st1:state>) "Savages." Also involved have been team adoption of "mascots," replete with feathers, buckskins, beads, spears and "warpaint" (some fans have opted to adorn themselves in the same fashion), and nifty little "pep" gestures like the "Indian Chant" and "Tomahawk Chop."</span></i><i style=""><span style="color:#000000;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">A substantial number of American Indians have protested that use of native names, images and symbols as sports team mascots and the like is, by definition, a virulently racist practice. Given the historical relationship between Indians and non-Indians during what has been called the "Conquest of America," American Indian Movement leader (and American Indian Anti-Defamation Council founder) Russell Means has compared the practice to contemporary Germans naming their soccer teams the "Jews," Hebrews," and "Yids," while adorning their uniforms with grotesque caricatures of Jewish faces taken from the Nazis' anti-Semetic propoganda of the 1930's. Numerous demonstrations have occurred in conjunction with games - most notably during the November 15, 1992 match-up between the Chiefs and Redskins in <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Kansas City</st1:place></st1:city> - by angry Indians and their supporters.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">In response, a number of players - especially African Americans and other minority athletes - have been trotted out by professional team owners like Ted Turner, as well as university and public school officials, to announce that they mean not to insult but to honor native people. They have been joined by the television networks and most major newspapers, all of which have editorialized that Indian discomfort with the situation is "no big deal," insisting that the whole things is just "good, clean fun." </span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">The country needs more such fun, they've argued, and a "few disgruntled Native Americans" have no right to undermine the nation's enjoyment of it's leisure time by complaining. This is especially the case, some have argued, "in hard times like these." It has even been contended that Indian outrage at being systematically degraded - rather than the degradation itself - creates "a serious barrier to the sort of intergroup communication so necessary in a multicultural society such as ours."<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Okay. let's communicate. We are frankly dubious that those advancing such positions really believe their own rhetoric but, just for the sake of argument, let's accept the premise that they are sincere. If what they say is true, then isn't it time we spread such "inoffensiveness" and "good cheer" around among all the groups so that everybody can participate equally in fostering the national round of laughs they call for? Sure it is - the country can't have too much fun or "intergroup" involvement - so the more, the merrier. Simple consistency demands that anyone who thinks the Tomahawk Chop is a swell pastime must be just as hearty in their endorsement of the following ideas - by the logic used to defend the defamation of American Indians - should help us all really start yukking it up.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">First, as a counterpart to the Redskins, we need an NFL team called "Niggers" to honor Afro-Americans. Half-time festivities for fans might include a simulated stewing of the opposing coach in a large pot while players and cheerleaders dance around it, garbed in leopard skins and wearing fake bones in their noses. This concept obviously goes along with the kind of gaiety attending the Chop, but also with the actions of the <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">Kansas</st1:state></st1:place> Chiefs, whose team members - prominently including black members - lately appeared on a poster ,looking "fierce" and "savage" by way of wearing Indian regalia. Just a bit of harmless "morale boosting," says the Chief's front office. You bet.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">So that the newly-formed Niggers sports club won't end up too out of sync while expressing the "spirit" and "identity" of Afro-Americans in the above fashion, a baseball franchise - let's call this one the "Sambos" - should be formed. How about a basketball team called the "spearchuckers/" A hockey team called the "Jungle Bunnies/" Maybe the "essence of these teams could be depicted by images of tiny black faces adorned with huge pairs of lips. The players could appear on TV every week or so gnawing on chicken legs and spitting watermelon seeds at one another. Catchy, eh? Well, there's "nothing to be upset about," according to those who love wearing "war bonnets" to the Super Bowl or having "Chief Illiniwik" dance around the sports arenas of Urbana, Illinois.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">And why stop there? There are plenty of other groups to include. "Hispanics?" They can be "represented" by the <st1:city st="on">Galveston</st1:city> "Greasers" and the <st1:city st="on">San Diego</st1:city> "Spics," at least until the <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">Wisconsin</st1:place></st1:state> "Wetbacks" and Baltimore "Beaners" get off the ground. Asian Americans? How about the "slopes," "Dinks," "Gooks," and "Zipperheads?" Owners of the latter teams might get their logo ideas from editorial page cartoons printed in the nation's newspapers during World War II: slanteyes, buck teeth, big glasses, but nothing racially insulting or derogatory, according to the editors and artists involved at the time. Indeed, this Second World War-vintage stuff can be seen as just another barrel of laughs at least by what current editors say are their "local standards" concerning American Indians.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Let's see. Who's been left out Teams like the <st1:city st="on">Kansas City</st1:city> "Kikes," <st1:state st="on">Hanover</st1:state> "Honkies," <st1:city st="on">San Leandro</st1:city> "Shylock," Daytona "Dagos," and <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Pittsburg</st1:place></st1:city> "Polacks" will fill a certain social void among white folk. Have a religious belief? Let's all go for the gusto and gear up the <st1:city st="on">Milwaukee</st1:city> "Mackeral Snappers" and <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Hollywood</st1:place></st1:city> "Holy Rollers." The Fighting Irish of Notre Dame can be rechristened the "Drunken Irish" or "Papist Pigs." Issues of gender and sexual preference can be addressed through creation of teams like the <st1:city st="on">St. Louis</st1:city> "Sluts," <st1:city st="on">Boston</st1:city> "Bimbos," <st1:city st="on">Detroit</st1:city> "Dykes," and the <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Fresno</st1:place></st1:city> "Fags." How about the Gainsville "Gimps" and the <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">richmond</st1:city></st1:place> "Retards," so the physically and mentally impaired won't be excluded from our fun and games?<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Now, don't go getting "overly sensitive" out there. None of this is dreaming or insulting, at least not when it's being done to Indians. Just ask the folks who are doing it, or their apologists like Andy Rooney in the national media. They'll tell you - as in fact they have been telling you - that there's no been no harm done, regardless of what their victims think, feel, or say. The situation is exactly the same as when those with precisely the same mentality used to insist that Step 'n' Fetchit was okay, or Rochester on the Jack Benny show, or Amos and Andy, Charlie Chan, the Frito Bandito, or any other cutesy symbols making up the lexicon of American racism. Have we communicated yet? Let's get just a little bit real here. The notion of "fun" embodied in rituals like the Tomahawk Chop must be understood for what it is. There's not a single non-Indian example used above which can be considered socially acceptable in even the most marginal sense. The reasons are obvious enough. So why is it different where American Indians are concerned? One can only conclude that, in contrast to the other groups at issue, Indians are (falsely) perceived as being too few, and therefore too weak, to defend themselves effectively against racist and otherwise offensive behavior.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Fortunately, there are some glimmers of hope. A few teams and their fans have gotten the message and have responded appropriately. <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Stanford</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place>, which opted to drop the name "Indians" from, has experienced no resulting drop in attendance. Meanwhile, the local newspaper in <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Portland</st1:city>, <st1:state st="on">Oregon</st1:state></st1:place> recently decided its long-standing editorial policy prohibiting use of racial epithets should include derogatory teams names. The Redskins, for instance, are now referred to as "the Washington team," and will continued to be described in this way until the franchise adopts an inoffensive moniker (newspaper sales in Portland have suffered no decline as a result). Such examples are to be applauded and encouraged. They stand as figurative beacons in the night, proving beyond all doubt that it is quite possible to indulge in the pleasure of athletics without accepting blatant racism into the bargain.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:red;">Nuremburg Precedents</span></i><i style=""><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="color:red;"><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">On October 16, 1946, a man named Julius Stricher mounted the steps of a gallows. Moments later he was dead, the sentence of an international tribunal composed of representatives of the <st1:country-region st="on">United States</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region st="on">France</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region st="on">Great Britain</st1:country-region>, and the <st1:place st="on">Soviet Union</st1:place> having been imposed. Streicher's body was then cremated, and - so horrendous were his crimes thought to have been - his ashes dumped into an unspecified German river so that "no one should ever know a particular place to go for reasons of mourning his memory."<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Julius Streicher had been convicted at <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Nuremberg</st1:city>, <st1:country-region st="on">Germany</st1:country-region></st1:place> of what were termed "Crimes Against Humanity." The lead prosecutor in his case Justice Robert Jackson of the <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">United States</st1:country-region></st1:place> Supreme Court had not argued that the defendant had killed anyone, nor that he had personally committed any especially violent act. Nor was it contended that Streicher had held any particularly important position in the German government during the period in which the so called Third Reich had exterminated some 6,000,000 Jews, as well as several million Gypsies, Poles, Slavs, homosexuals, and other untermenschen (subhumans).<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">The sole offense for which the accused was ordered put to death was in having served as publisher/editor of a Bavarian tabloid entitled Der Sturmer during the early-to-mid 1930s, years before the Nazi genocide actually began. In this capacity, he had penned a long series of virulently anti-Semetic editorials and ''news."<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Stories, usually accompanied by cartoons and other images graphically depicting Jews in extraordinarily derogatory fashion. This, the prosecution asserted, had done much to "dehumanize" the targets of his distortion in the mind of the German public. In turn, such dehumanization had made it possible or at least easier for average Germans to later indulge in the outright liquidation of Jewish "vermin." The tribunal agreed, holding that Streicher was therefore complicit in genocide and deserving of death by hanging.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">During his remarks to the Nuremburg tribunal, Justice Jackson observed that, in implementing its sentences, the participating powers were morally and legally binding themselves to adhere forever after to the same standards of conduct that were being applied to Streicher and the other Nazi leaders. In the alternative, he said, the victorious allies would have committed "pure murder' at <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Nuremberg</st1:city></st1:place> no different in substance from that carried out by those they presumed to judge rather than establishing the "permanent benchmark for justice" which was intended.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Yet in the United States of Robert Jackson, the indigenous American Indian population had already been reduced, in a process which is ongoing to this day, from perhaps 12.5 million in the year 1500 to fewer than 250,000 by the beginning of the 20th century. This was accomplished, according to official sources, "largely through the cruelty of Euro American settlers," and an informal but clear governmental policy which had made it an articulated goal to "exterminate these red vermin" or at least whole segments of them.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Bounties had been placed on the scalps of Indians any Indians in places as diverse as <st1:country-region st="on">Georgia</st1:country-region>, <st1:state st="on">Kentucky</st1:state>, <st1:state st="on">Texas</st1:state>, the Dakotas, <st1:state st="on">Oregon</st1:state>, and <st1:place st="on"><st1:state st="on">California</st1:state></st1:place> and had been maintained until resident Indian populations were decimated or disappeared altogether. Entire peoples such as the Cherokee had been reduced to half their size through a policy of forced removal from their homelands east of the <st1:place st="on">Mississippi River</st1:place> to what were then considered less preferable areas in the West.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Others, such as the Navajo, suffered the same fate while under military guard for years on end. The <st1:country-region st="on">United States</st1:country-region> Army had also perpetrated a long series of wholesale massacres of Indians at places like Horseshoe <st1:city st="on">Bend</st1:city>, Bear River, Sand Creek, <a href="http://www.dickshovel.com/was.html"><span style="text-decoration: none;">the Washita River</span></a>, <a href="http://www.dickshovel.com/parts.html"><span style="text-decoration: none;">the Marias River</span></a>, <st1:placetype st="on">Camp</st1:placetype> <st1:placename st="on">Robinson</st1:placename> and <a href="http://www.dickshovel.com/WKMasscre.html"><span style="text-decoration: none;">Wounded Knee</span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Through it all, hundreds of popular novels - each competing with the next to make Indians appear more grotesque, menacing, and inhuman - were sold in the tens of millions of copies in the U.S. Plainly, the Euro American public was being conditioned to see Indians in such a way so as to allow their eradication to continue. And continue it did until the Manifest Destiny of the U.S a direct precursor to what Hitler would subsequently call Lebensraumpolitik (the politics of living space) was consummated.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">By 1900, the national project of "clearing" Native Americans from their land and replacing them with "superior" Anglo American settlers was complete; the indigenous population had been reduced by as much as 98 percent while approximately 97.5 percent of their original territory had ''passed'' to the invaders. The survivors had been concentrated, out of sight and mind of the public, on scattered "reservations," all of them under the self-assigned "plenary" (full) power of the federal government. There was, of course, no Nuremberg-style tribunal passing judgment on those who had fostered such circumstances in <st1:place st="on">North America</st1:place>. No <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">U.S.</st1:country-region></st1:place> official or private citizen was ever imprisoned never mind hanged for implementing or propagandizing what had been done. Nor had the process of genocide afflicting Indians been completed. Instead, it merely changed form.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Between the 1880s and the 1980s, nearly half of all Native American children were coercively transferred from their own families, communities, and cultures to those of the conquering society. This was done through compulsory attendance at remote boarding schools, often hundreds of miles from their homes, where native children were kept for years on end while being systematically '"deculturated" (indoctrinated to think and act in the manner of Euro Americans rather than as Indians). It was also accomplished through a pervasive foster home and adoption program including - blind adoptions, where children would be permanently denied information as to who they were/are and where they'd come from - placing native youths in non-Indian homes.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">The express purpose of all this was to facilitate a <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> governmental policy to bring about the "assimilation" (dissolution) of indigenous societies. In other words, Indian cultures as such were to be caused to disappear. Such policy objectives are directly contrary to the United Nations 1948 Convention on Punishment and Prevention of the Crime of Genocide, an element of international law arising from the Nuremburg proceedings. The forced "transfer of the children" of a targeted "racial, ethnical, or religious group" is explicitly prohibited as a genocidal activity under the Convention's second article.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Article II of the Genocide Convention also expressly prohibits involuntary sterilization as a means of ''preventing births among" a targeted population. Yet, in 1975, it was conceded by the U.S. government that its Indian Health Service (IHS) then a subpart of the <a href="http://www.dickshovel.com/bur.html"><span style="text-decoration: none;">Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)</span></a>, was even then conducting <a href="http://www.dickshovel.com/IHSSterPol.html"><span style="text-decoration: none;">a secret program of involuntary sterilization</span></a> that had affected approximately 40 percent of all Indian women. The program was allegedly discontinued, and the IHS was transferred to the Public Health Service, but no one was punished. In 1990, it came out that the IHS was inoculating, Inuit children in <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">Alaska</st1:place></st1:state> with Hepatitis-B vaccine. The vaccine had already been banned by the World Health Organization as having demonstrated a correlation with the HIV-Syndrome which is itself correlated to AIDS. As this is written [March, 1993], a "field test" of Hepatitis-A vaccine, also HIV-correlated, is being conducted on Indian reservations in the northern plains region.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">The Genocide Convention makes it a crime against "humanity" to create conditions leading to the destruction of an identifiable human group, as such. Yet the BIA has utilized the government's plenary prerogatives to negotiate mineral leases "on behalf of" Indian peoples paying a fraction of standard royalty rates. The result has been "super profits" for a number of preferred <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> corporations. Meanwhile, Indians, whose reservations ironically turned out to be in some of the most mineral-rich areas of <st1:place st="on">North America</st1:place>, which makes us, the nominally wealthiest segment of the continent's population, live in dire poverty.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">By the government's own data in the mid-1980s, Indians received the lowest annual and lifetime per capita incomes of any aggregate population group in the <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>. Concomitantly, we suffer the highest rate of infant mortality, death by exposure and malnutrition, disease, and the like. Under such circumstances, alcoholism and other escapist forms of substance abuse are endemic in the Indian community, a situation which leads both to a general physical debilitation of the population and a catastrophic accident rate. Teen suicide among Indians is several times the national average<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">The average life expectancy of a reservation-based Native American man is barely 45 years; women can expect to live less than three years longer.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Such itemizations could be continued at great length, including matters like the radioactive contamination of large portions of contemporary Indian Country, the forced relocation of traditional Navajos, and so on. But the point should be made: Genocide, as defined in international law, is a continuing fact of day-to-day life (and death) for <st1:place st="on">North America</st1:place>'s native peoples. Yet there has been and is only the barest flicker of public concern about or even consciousness of, this reality. Absent any serious expression of public outrage, no one is punished and the process continues.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">A salient reason for public acquiescence before the ongoing holocaust in Native <st1:place st="on">North America</st1:place> has been a continuation of the popular legacy, often through more effective media. Since 1925, <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Hollywood</st1:place></st1:city> has released more than 2,000 films, many of them rerun frequently on television, portraying Indians as strange, perverted, ridiculous, and often dangerous things of the past. Moreover, we are habitually presented to mass audiences one-dimensionally, devoid of recognizable human motivations and emotions: Indians thus serve as props, little more. We have thus been thoroughly and systematically dehumanized.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Nor is this the extent of it. Everywhere we are used as logos, as mascots, as jokes: "Big Chief" writing tablets, "Red Man" chewing tobacco, "Winnebago," campers., "Navajo" and "Cherokee" and "Pontiac" and "Cadillac" pickups and automobiles. There are the Cleveland "Indians," the <st1:city st="on">Kansas City</st1:city> "Chiefs," the <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Atlanta</st1:place></st1:city> "Braves" and the Washington "Redskins" professional sports teams not to mention those in thousands of colleges, high schools, and elementary schools across the country each with their own degrading caricatures and parodies of Indians and or things Indian. Pop fiction continues in the same vein including an unending stream of New Age manuals purporting to expose the inner works of indigenous spirituality in everything from pseudo-philosophical to do-it-yourself styles. Blond yuppies from <st1:city st="on">Beverly Hills</st1:city> amble about the country claiming to be reincarnated 17th century <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Cheyenne</st1:place></st1:city> Ushamans ready to perform previously secret ceremonies.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">In effect, a concerted, sustained, and in some ways accelerating effort has gone into making Indians unreal. It is thus of obvious importance that the American public begin to think about the implications of such things the next time they witness a gaggle of face-painted and war-bonneted buffoons doing the "Tomahawk Chop" at a baseball or football game. It is necessary that they think about the implications of the grade-school teacher adorning their child in turkey feathers to commemorate Thanksgiving. Think about the significance of John Wayne or <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Charleston</st1:place></st1:city> Heston killing a dozen "savages" with a single bullet the next time a western comes on TV. Think about why Land-o-Lakes finds it appropriate to market its butter with the stereotyped image of an "Indian princess" on the wrapper. Think about what it means when non-lndian academics profess as they often do to "know more about Indians than Indians do themselves." Think about the significance of charlatans like Carlos Castaneda and Jamake Highwater and Mary Summer Rain and Lynn Andrews churning out "Indian" bestsellers one after the other,while Indians typically can't get into print.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Think about the real situation of American Indians. Think about Julius Streicher. Remember Justice Jackson's admonition. Understand that the treatment of Indians in American popular culture is not "cute'' or "amusing," or just "good, clean fun."<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style="">Know that it causes real pain and real suffering to real people. Know that it threatens our very survival. And know that this is just as much a crime against humanity as anything the Nazis ever did. It is likely the indigenous people of the <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> will never demand that those guilty of such criminal activity be punished for their deeds. But the least we have to expect - indeed to demand is that such practices finally be brought to a halt.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div>yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-86892428964748449502011-06-19T05:27:00.000-07:002011-07-29T11:11:25.499-07:00Updating the Global Middle Class<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvMoITM7cEzzSeXRzEQI_w439J8_zppmKkOTWFQX_4CotOYKVa_rOtr7JeeCPJF7nM3NtKYJXSinECJNPC8JRofxHitJVxhX4AXGo6kDG844G2NLKmcawuTxBw3DvyIpYegh-5XNVKCUyD/s1600/globalmc5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvMoITM7cEzzSeXRzEQI_w439J8_zppmKkOTWFQX_4CotOYKVa_rOtr7JeeCPJF7nM3NtKYJXSinECJNPC8JRofxHitJVxhX4AXGo6kDG844G2NLKmcawuTxBw3DvyIpYegh-5XNVKCUyD/s320/globalmc5.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=2650443092548409614&postID=8689242896474844950" name="4522844195258988721"></a>This item is a fresh reminder of the shear power of the S curve. Largely everyone on the Globe today is actually on the curve at some point or another. A huge mass of Chinesse are entering the full acceleration phase and will create a huge internal demand. The same is also true for </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">India</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> and possibly now </span><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Brazil</span></st1:country-region></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">There is one practical effect. The supply excess </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">US</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> currency denominated credit out there will be sponged up far faster than anticipated and the damage caused by the first global financial crisis will be quickly repaired outside the </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">USA</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">It is noteworthy that foreign investors are now focused on resources because of this. The world needs a number of huge copper mines to be commissioned. Little of that will also flow into the </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">US</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> because the states are mostly viewed unfriendly to mining at all. To start with, most lands are still managed under the original 1877 mining law and is a huge problem. The rest of the world has mostly learned to welcome major mining companies, not least because artisan miners pay no taxes and massively damage the environment.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">An inevitable billion man middle class will need a ten fold increase in raw material availability. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.8pt; text-align: justify;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style=""><a href="http://nextbigfuture.com/2010/08/update-on-global-middle-class.html"><span style="color:black;">Update on the Global Middle Class</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.8pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><i style="">AUGUST 11, 2010<o:p></o:p></i></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.8pt; text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><a href="http://nextbigfuture.com/2010/08/update-on-global-middle-class.html/">http://nextbigfuture.com/2010/08/update-on-global-middle-class.html/</a><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.8pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaWeAgPy1Ql8cOnKLoh4SltOpnMAC0N2qyKEVej5wEpOTkb1hFyxnbegQGzzag6YX5eo3mUB3nQoXgwm7WolJ8J2k1dehgq2qCt_iBrEwEeLpvkzKoPH4ECywfEOHNhSqky1RkCnDACAw/s320/globalmc2.jpg">https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaWeAgPy1Ql8cOnKLoh4SltOpnMAC0N2qyKEVej5wEpOTkb1hFyxnbegQGzzag6YX5eo3mUB3nQoXgwm7WolJ8J2k1dehgq2qCt_iBrEwEeLpvkzKoPH4ECywfEOHNhSqky1RkCnDACAw/s320/globalmc2.jpg</a><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQTC1CoANxipM89Z1vPB_0YwzEWjVt7Zg3eff0likz_T24fdkTjcC3e7swkP3R8fipWchqBdw1V7cb5vHElAIV8EYn8bWXaEnCicoLlrr2tAh0FjQp2oKkwgJrxfi5FDckSIHPYkrY8WDV/s1600/globalmc2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQTC1CoANxipM89Z1vPB_0YwzEWjVt7Zg3eff0likz_T24fdkTjcC3e7swkP3R8fipWchqBdw1V7cb5vHElAIV8EYn8bWXaEnCicoLlrr2tAh0FjQp2oKkwgJrxfi5FDckSIHPYkrY8WDV/s320/globalmc2.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""> <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><a href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/54/62/44798225.pdf" target="blank"><span style="color:black;">The Emerging Middle Class in Developing Countries by Homi Kharas of the Brookings Institute</span></a> Middle class definition used is those spending $10-100 per day. Some interesting things to notice is that the projection is for the world economy to get to 200 trillion in 2005 dollars by 2036 up from about 70 trillion now. <st1:place st="on">Asia</st1:place> will be over half of the world economy. North America will go from about 26% now to about 12%, which will be the same as central and south <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">America</st1:place></st1:country-region>. By 2024-2030, the dominant share of the middle class economy from <st1:country-region st="on">India</st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region st="on">China</st1:country-region> and the rest of <st1:place st="on">Asia</st1:place> will established according the Kharas forecast. It would then be a shift from the lower end of the middle class range to the upper part.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJxvpvLDVo_rdrpT0WX9kb3cfO1zCSjvgJOSO9n1mcE7tm8DAmkBjDQnkAbnR-dgETKhwLucEEjT-3hP8EKjHey7WBq1rgJEL1gEBPu6hgbA9ihnishEpaTk0YZDxj2MT7KDD19I47I4g/s320/globalmc1.jpg">https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJxvpvLDVo_rdrpT0WX9kb3cfO1zCSjvgJOSO9n1mcE7tm8DAmkBjDQnkAbnR-dgETKhwLucEEjT-3hP8EKjHey7WBq1rgJEL1gEBPu6hgbA9ihnishEpaTk0YZDxj2MT7KDD19I47I4g/s320/globalmc1.jpg</a><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><o:p><br /></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><span style=""><o:p><br /></o:p></span></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvMoITM7cEzzSeXRzEQI_w439J8_zppmKkOTWFQX_4CotOYKVa_rOtr7JeeCPJF7nM3NtKYJXSinECJNPC8JRofxHitJVxhX4AXGo6kDG844G2NLKmcawuTxBw3DvyIpYegh-5XNVKCUyD/s1600/globalmc5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvMoITM7cEzzSeXRzEQI_w439J8_zppmKkOTWFQX_4CotOYKVa_rOtr7JeeCPJF7nM3NtKYJXSinECJNPC8JRofxHitJVxhX4AXGo6kDG844G2NLKmcawuTxBw3DvyIpYegh-5XNVKCUyD/s320/globalmc5.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style=""><br /></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div>yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2650443092548409614.post-55063680730288583632011-06-18T20:37:00.000-07:002011-07-29T11:07:30.938-07:00Warning on global warming the gullible<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrUgH6gg3P0TWY2ygM3Em0ptQbVSB434KOzulA3tjrwEUWVzvuS4jAEFZFmVZTuk8k-Vj5QbRjQ-NeJo3t5WuNyQS_KyC1uqrlDl7Th8nao-FAFY_mwB4-_7MhwOzTwiNmNS7oiYm0ZJA/s1600/global-warming.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrUgH6gg3P0TWY2ygM3Em0ptQbVSB434KOzulA3tjrwEUWVzvuS4jAEFZFmVZTuk8k-Vj5QbRjQ-NeJo3t5WuNyQS_KyC1uqrlDl7Th8nao-FAFY_mwB4-_7MhwOzTwiNmNS7oiYm0ZJA/s320/global-warming.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><br />It is not surprising that with all the talk about global warming (GW), which we<br />was only one of its coldest winter we have had for a long time? Of 2007<br />Farmers' Almanac, which provides forecasts are accurate to 85%<br />cold temperatures, up to 20 degrees below seasonal norms (and<br />almost 40 degrees colder than last winter), in Montana, the Dakotas and parts of Wyoming. For the Gulf Coast through New England,<br />unusually cold shower, "the conditions are to be expected. Snow,<br />much of it is also for the belly of the nation, part of the new forecast<br />England and the mountains of the northwestern Pacific. "The Great Lakes<br /><div style="text-align: justify;">and Ohio River Valley is the only area to be spared the extreme cold,<br />Shows Sandi Duncan, editor in chief, "but that does not mean that this area<br />not without significant snowfall and cold periods. "<br /><br />Wonder why they did not get the message!<br /><br />Recently we had a 11-year-old who literally in tears<br />to discuss progress for the GW fear in the school. The<br />Child argues that "If the world ends, why worry about something<br />but sat with my family? "<br /><br />Any natural disaster takes place these days, the GW is due.<br />Many world leaders to accept as GW, the truth of the Gospel. A recent survey<br />showed that 33% of Americans see GW as a real threat to our<br />exist. TV shows such as Discovery "Planet Earth" are strong,<br />large pieces of propaganda for the agenda of GW.<br /><br />A question of faith<br /><br />Recently read news item: "Global Warming is not on human health<br />Contribution of carbon dioxide. "Dr. Tim Ball is the Chairman of the<br />Natural Resources Stewardship Project, a Victoria-based<br />Environmental consultant and former professor of climatology at the<br />University of Winnipeg. 02/05/2007 In an article entitled "Global<br />Warming: The cold, hard facts? "Ball writes:" Global Warming, as<br />We think we do not know. And I'm not alone in trying to<br />to open our eyes to the truth ... see only a few listen, despite the fact<br />the fact that I am one of the first Canadian Ph.Ds. was in the climatology and<br />I have extensive experience in climatology, especially the<br />Reconstruction of past climate and the effects of climate change on<br />human history and human existence. to hear soon, even if I<br />a Ph.D. (Doctor of Science), University of London, England<br />and was a professor of climatology at the University of Winnipeg. For<br />For some reason (actually for many), not the world is listening. Here is<br />why.<br /><br />"... What happen, if we'd been told tomorrow that the earth is flat?<br /><br />It was probably the most important news in the media<br />and it would be much discussed. So why is it that when scientists<br />Who said studying the phenomenon of global warming for years<br />People are not the cause nobody listens?<br /><br />"Believe it or not, global warming is not due to human contribution<br />Carbon dioxide (CO2). In fact, this is the greatest deception in the<br />History of science. We waste time, energy and trillions of dollars<br />Creating fear and terror for a problem with<br />no scientific justification. For example, Environment Canada<br />about 3.7 billion dollars in U.S. spending in the last five years dealing with climate<br />almost all on propaganda trying to defend, change an indefensible<br />scientific position while at the same time closing weather stations<br />and not achieving the objectives of pollution established by law.<br /><br />"... To seek the truth, we are lost as individuals and as<br />Society ... There is no evidence that we are, or ever cause global<br />Climate change ... How has the world to believe that something<br />is wrong?<br /><br />"Perhaps for the same reason we believed 30 years ago, and the world<br />Cooling was the biggest threat: a matter of faith. "It's a cold fact: the<br />Global Cooling presents humankind with the most important social<br />political, and the challenge of adjustment that we have employs ten<br />thousand years. Their participation in decisions that we on<br />is extremely important for the survival of ourselves, our children, our<br />Species, "wrote Lowell Ponte in 1976.<br /><br />"I was against the threat of impending doom global cooling<br />Because when I look at the threats to global warming ... Are<br />to deny the phenomenon has occurred. The world has warmed<br />Since 1680, the nadir of a cool period called the Little Ice Age that<br />usually continue until the present. These climatic changes are well<br />within the natural variability and explained quite easily by changes<br />Sun, but it's nothing special happened. "<br /><br />Truth Or ... something else?<br /><br />GW is a fact? Yes indeed. As Dr. Klaus Töpfer, Executive Director<br />the United Nations Environment Programme, said: "Always<br />more people around the world are aware that there is climate change.<br />No one is in doubt. "<br /><br />But do not buy, any advice from Hollywood "scientists" is generated<br />such as Alec Baldwin, Leonardo, Tom Hanks, Will Farrell movies like<br />"The Day After Tomorrow". They took offered by Bate<br />All ex-Veep-time favorite movie maker and Al Gore<br />Global warming crusade. More about him coming (be warned).<br /><br />GW is our fault? No, it is not. Although the European Parliament<br />called for trade sanctions against the United States if it agrees with<br />to reduce CO2 emissions, the scientists always talk<br />For those who say mankind is to blame. Pat climatologist<br />Michaels of the Cato Institute, said: "Climate change, but hey ...<br />the climate in the past without people changed with some<br />to do ... "<br /><br />When we embrace what environmentalists say, we all believe<br />Polar ice caps melt and America's coasts will be flooded<br />shortly. Do not start building an ark yet. When you consider that the North<br />Pole is a huge block of ice floating in the ocean, because it melts at Summer's<br />End, this does not mean sea level. Antarctica is the largest ice<br />the mass of the planet. Experts say that losing the ice.<br /><br />The temperature of our planet, ranging from a minimum<br />Invention of the thermometer. They say it was warmer 1000 years ago<br />If this is the case, but has started cooling. Colonial America was taken over<br />the last days of the Little Ice Age, some of the deepest snow<br />and the coldest temperature recorded in the history of North America. Remember<br />Valley Forge? Jefferson wrote about life in this climate queue<br />to change. In his book "Notes on Virginia," he wrote, "the snow<br />used to lie on the ground for months at a time, so now not only<br />Weeks or days ... "<br /><br />It was not until 1800. 1816 known as the "year without summer."<br />Today, some climatologists are worried about other Ice Age<br />global warming. CBN News reported that "experts<br />stifled by a worldwide movement to make global warming<br />Skeptics as evil, even comparing with people, to deny the existence<br />Holocaust. "<br /><br />CBN continues: "At least part of the hatred of the left parties in Europe<br />George Bush is his refusal to the Kyoto Protocol (KP) to sign<br />Agreement between the industrialized nations to lower carbon dioxide<br />Emissions as a way to combat global warming. But not all<br />President Bush's fault - under President Clinton, killed the Senate<br />Treaty 95 to nothing. But at the 2005 G-8 summit in Scotland, United Kingdom<br />Prime Minister Tony Blair has called on U.S. President Bush to finally join the<br />to combat global warming.<br /><br />Although it was signed symbolically, Bush declared, "America's<br />should embrace restraint with a bad contract does not read our<br />Friends and allies as any abdication of responsibility. In contrast,<br />My government is to provide a leadership role in the question of the committed<br />Climate change ... Our approach must be consistent with the long-term<br />Objective of stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. "<br /><br />It has been said that the reason that the U.S. has not ratified, the agreement is that<br />In contrast to Europe, we recognize that the Kyoto Protocol to do nothing<br />measurable global warming. In other words: "G. Dubya 'is not<br />decreased for the entire GW. According to one estimate, would be a<br />Difference of only seven hundredths of a degree Celsius, according to a<br />50 years - an amount too small to measure. The European response<br />seems to be doing, "At least something!"<br /><br />Yes, they do something. The Bush Administration<br />Perspective, they are wasting money that you can use it to invest in<br />Future technologies, throws himself on solar energy and windmills. This<br />noted that the biggest proponents of the framework in developed countries<br />World have the worst economy, most with unemployment in double digits<br />(The United States is only 4.4%, by the way). Critics say the signing of the Kyoto<br />Year would take billions of our gross domestic product. New<br />Technology will replace fossil fuels, unless<br />Cripple their economies first concepts such as the Kyoto Protocol.<br /><br />CBN relations, Stephen Milloy, who runs JunkScience.com, says<br />Companies to pressure from environmental activists yielding.<br />He said: "Global warming pushers go to companies<br />As a management company to support both the Kyoto Protocol or other<br />GW provisions. Finally, the development of sufficient political<br />support companies that start businesses, bold<br />GW lobbying for restrictions in the U.S. "<br /><br />An absurd TRICK<br /><br />"Scientists have an independent obligation to respect and submit<br />Truth as they see it, "Al Gore calls his film" An Inconvenient Truth. "<br />Verissimo asks Al to them: "What do world climate experts actually<br />Thoughts about the science of the film? "<br /><br />Professor Bob Carter Marine Geophysical Laboratory at James<br />Cook University, says: "indirect Gore's arguments are so weak<br />are pathetic. It is simply incredible that they, and his film,<br />Commander of the public attention. "<br /><br />Carter is to be sure what part of the Gore-sites like small paintings<br />"Climate change skeptics" who do not agree with the majority<br />Scientists. "Y'think? In fact, according to Tom Harris, Executive<br />Natural Resources Stewardship Project Director, is a Carter<br />Hundreds of highly qualified non-governmental, non-industry, non-lobby<br />Group climate experts who are against the hypothesis that human emissions<br />CO2 climate change causing significant overall. By<br />Harris, "Climate experts" is the operative word here. Why? "Why<br />What Gore's "majority of scientists" think is immaterial when only a<br />very small fraction of them actually work in the field of climate change. "<br /><br />While scientists focus their research on global change everything<br />Polar bears on Poison Ivy, which are not all as climate<br />Experts change.<br /><br />Carter writes: "We used to hear most scientists, the real data<br />try to understand what nature actually tell us something about the causes and<br />Extent of global climate change. In this relatively small community,<br />There is no consensus, regardless of what Gore and others suggest. "<br />He gives an example of the debate we almost never GW<br />listen<br /><br />Carleton University paleoclimatologist Professor Tim Patterson - "There is<br />is no significant correlation between CO2 and global temperature<br />About this [time] geology. In fact, when CO2 levels were over ten<br />times higher than they are now, about 450 million years ago, the planet<br />was in the bottom of the absolute coldest period in the second half billion<br />Years ... How can you still believe that the recent relatively small<br />increased CO2 emissions would be the main cause of the last century<br />modest warming? "<br /><br />"Patterson concluded his testimony by explaining what his research and<br />"Hundreds of other studies show: on all time scales, it is very good<br />Correlation between the Earth's temperature and natural celestial phenomena<br />such as changes in the brightness of the sun ... Antarctica has survived<br />warm and cold events over millions of years. A merger is not easy<br />a realistic scenario in the near future, "said Carter.<br /><br />Gore says in the film, since 1970 there was a steep<br />drop-off in the quantity and the size and thickness of Arctic ice cap. "<br />This is misleading, according to Ball: "The survey that Gore cites was<br />a transect of the Arctic basin in the month<br />In October 1960, when we were in the middle of the cooling system<br />Period. In the year 1990 is done in the warmer months of September,<br />with a completely different technology. "<br /><br />A document in 2003 from the University of Alaska professor Igor published<br />Polyakov shows that the Arctic, where temperature increases<br />supposedly endangering polar bears showed fluctuations since 1940 but<br />no global warming.<br /><br />Dr. Wibjorn Karlen, emeritus professor, Department of Physical Geography<br />And Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, Sweden - "For a number of<br />published documents is a decline in the last 50 years "<br /><br />Carter added: "What Gore's view of the world<br />Warming ... In addition to the northwest in the areas of the mass cooling<br />Cooling are in North and South Pacific, all of<br />Valley of the Amazon, on the north coast of South America and the Caribbean;<br />Eastern Mediterranean, Black Sea, Caucasus and Red Sea, New<br />New Zealand and even the Ganges Valley in India. ... "<br /><br />"Gore's point that 200 cities and towns in the American West all the time to<br />High temperature records is also misleading, "says Carter.<br />Dr. Roy Spencer, Principal Research Scientist at the University of<br />Huntsville, Alabama - "There are for some locations, the unusual<br />Thousands of towns and villages in the United States, has broken all records, "said<br />says. "The facts also show that the temperatures in the past<br />U.S. were not unusual. "<br /><br />Carter added: "He [Gore] is an embarrassment to U.S. science and its<br />many good doctors, many of whom know (but I do not feel<br />publicly) that his propaganda crusade is mainly due to junk science. "<br />How is this criticism? Hollywood, the film has an Oscar<br />Best Documentary - that speaks volumes to me - and Gore<br />was nominated for the Nobel Prize in October for its wide<br />efforts to attract the attention of the world to the dangers of global warming.<br /><br />Deception is everywhere at all times.<br /><br />As others have said, follow the money and those who<br />Cult to find out what really happened. Or Gore<br />Concept of "carbon offsets, which it would be the richest man in town<br />(By the way, he has made a firm * credits to buy<br />to help us in all our carbon footprint - a concept to reduce<br />to pay, make sure that we are used to license fees for the use of fossil fuels), or a proposal<br />CO2 tax would not solve a problem to reduce emissions<br />also shown that there is someone who elbows her money machine<br />This disaster required.<br /><br />* The supplier offset invested his money in planting trees and projects<br />similar projects, the position of the environmental impact assessment under<br />Their emissions - cars, commercial air transport. One-off by an acquired<br />Non-profit organization for the conservation of the forest in the northwest, or carry<br />could with the restoration of the rainforest in Ecuador to help. This does not apply<br />It is literally a tree in the rainforest of Ecuador with your name<br />on. Unfortunately, customers do not get to decide how their donations<br />distributed. A possible place to go where your money because<br />Thus the project aims to reduce CO2 emissions at truck stops<br />would be that the driver to close in their trucks at night, rather than<br />Idle.<br /><br />Be still and know that I am God<br /><br />Environmentalists say that we do not continue to spew CO2 into the air. I agree<br />We are the best guardians of the planet that God has given us.<br />But I've also read that more air comes out of the kitchen<br />Chinese villages and burn the gas has left the company in the world that the animals<br />our cars and factories. Seriously!<br /><br />The answer skeptical that the world is doomed. Such talk instills fear<br />People and the fear is the belief in the devil. As Christians, our faith FEEL<br />to be in God<br /><br />Be anxious for nothing!<br /><br />Fear not, the Lord is with you!<br /><br />Extreme positions on both sides of the aisle are none of us have ever heard<br />About this issue. It seems to me that there is always something<br />We can all do more. But I can live healthier lives<br />People is known to eat well, exercise and avoiding cigarettes and alcohol, but<br />I was hit by a truck of beer at any time. We have also<br />Care of this beautiful country, but when we had our race, our race over.<br />Heaven and earth will pass away, but the word of God will never<br />Jesus said. The prophecy is fulfilled. Things get worse before<br />better.<br /><br />Meanwhile, we, the church, have a great command<br />keep us busy. We will not change, debating this world through lobbying,<br />make propaganda films, with brief showers or carpool. Namely,<br />After all, that Jesus presents to do.<br /><br />I love this planet. I really am, but we want to be sure to worship the Creator and<br />Not only was his creation.</div>yulekijahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17214520522600233712noreply@blogger.com0